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State of Arkansas 83rd General Assembly Regular Session, 2001 By: Representative Napper
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A Bill
HOUSE BILL 1147
For An Act To Be Entitled
AN ACT TO REVISE UCC CHAPTER 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS, AND TO MAKE CONFORMING AMENDMENTS TO OTHER CHAPTERS OF THE UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE.
Subtitle
AN ACT TO REVISE UCC CHAPTER 9 - SECURED TRANSACTIONS, AND TO MAKE CONFORMING AMENDMENTS TO OTHER CHAPTERS OF THE UNIFORM COMMERCIAL CODE.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF ARKANSAS: SECTION 1. as follows: CHAPTER 9 SECURED TRANSACTIONS PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS SUBPART 1. SHORT TITLE, DEFINITIONS, AND GENERAL CONCEPTS SHORT TITLE. This chapter may be cited as Uniform Commercial Chapter 9 of Title 4 of the Arkansas Code is amended to read
4-9-101.
CodeSecured Transactions. 4-9-102. (a) (1) DEFINITIONS AND INDEX OF DEFINITIONS. "Accession" means goods that are physically united with other
In this chapter:
goods in such a manner that the identity of the original goods is not lost. (2) "Account", except as used in "account for", means a right to
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payment of a monetary obligation, whether or not earned by performance, (i) for property that has been or is to be sold, leased, licensed, assigned, or otherwise disposed of, (ii) for services rendered or to be rendered, (iii) for a policy of insurance issued or to be issued, (iv) for a secondary obligation incurred or to be incurred, (v) for energy provided or to be provided, (vi) for the use or hire of a vessel under a charter or other contract, (vii) arising out of the use of a credit or charge card or information contained on or for use with the card, or (viii) as winnings in a lottery or other game of chance operated or sponsored by a State, governmental unit of a State, or person licensed or authorized to operate the game by a State or governmental unit of a State. The term includes health-care-insurance receivables. The term does not include (i) rights to payment evidenced by chattel paper or an instrument, (ii) commercial tort claims, (iii) deposit accounts, (iv) investment property, (v) letter-of-credit rights or letters of credit, or (vi) rights to payment for money or funds advanced or sold, other than rights arising out of the use of a credit or charge card or information contained on or for use with the card. (3) "Account debtor" means a person obligated on an account, The term does not include persons chattel paper, or general intangible. part of chattel paper. (4) "Accounting", except as used in "accounting for", means a record: (A) authenticated by a secured party; (B) indicating the aggregate unpaid secured obligations as of a date not more than thirty-five (35) days earlier or thirty-five (35) days later than the date of the record; and (C) identifying the components of the obligations in reasonable detail. (5) "Agricultural lien" means an interest, other than a security (A) which secures payment or performance of an obligation for: (i) goods or services furnished in connection with a debtor's farming operation; or (ii) rent on real property leased by a debtor in interest, in farm products:
obligated to pay a negotiable instrument, even if the instrument constitutes
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connection with its farming operation; (B) which is created by statute in favor of a person that: (i) in the ordinary course of its business furnished goods or services to a debtor in connection with a debtor's farming operation; or (ii) leased real property to a debtor in connection with the debtor's farming operation; and (C) whose effectiveness does not depend on the person's possession of the personal property. (6) "As-extracted collateral" means: (A) oil, gas, or other minerals that are subject to a security interest that: (i) is created by a debtor having an interest in the minerals before extraction; and (ii) attaches to the minerals as extracted; or (B) accounts arising out of the sale at the wellhead or minehead of oil, gas, or other minerals in which the debtor had an interest before extraction. (7) "Authenticate" means: (A) to sign; or (B) to execute or otherwise adopt a symbol, or encrypt or similarly process a record in whole or in part, with the present intent of the authenticating person to identify the person and adopt or accept a record. (8) of banking. "Bank" means an organization that is engaged in the business The term includes savings banks, savings and loan associations, (9) (10) "Cash proceeds" means proceeds that are money, checks, "Certificate of title" means a certificate of title with
credit unions, and trust companies. deposit accounts, or the like. respect to which a statute provides for the security interest in question to be indicated on the certificate as a condition or result of the security interest's obtaining priority over the rights of a lien creditor with respect to the collateral. (11) "Chattel paper" means a record or records that evidence both a monetary obligation and a security interest in specific goods, a security interest in specific goods and software used in the goods, a security interest
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in specific goods and license of software used in the goods, a lease of specific goods, or a lease of specific goods and license of software used in the goods. In this paragraph, "monetary obligation" means a monetary obligation secured by the goods or owed under a lease of the goods and includes a monetary obligation with respect to software used in the goods. The term does not include (i) charters or other contracts involving the use or hire of a vessel or (ii) records that evidence a right to payment arising out of the use of a credit or charge card or information contained on or for use with the card. If a transaction is evidenced by records that include an instrument or series of instruments, the group of records taken together constitutes chattel paper. (12) "Collateral" means the property subject to a security The term includes: (A) proceeds to which a security interest attaches; (B) accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, and promissory notes that have been sold; and (C) goods that are the subject of a consignment. (13) respect to which: (A) the claimant is an organization; or (B) the claimant is an individual and the claim: (i) arose in the course of the claimant's business or profession; and (ii) does not include damages arising out of personal injury to or the death of an individual. (14) "Commodity account" means an account maintained by a commodity intermediary in which a commodity contract is carried for a commodity customer. (15) "Commodity contract" means a commodity futures contract, an option on a commodity futures contract, a commodity option, or another contract if the contract or option is: (A) traded on or subject to the rules of a board of trade that has been designated as a contract market for such a contract pursuant to federal commodities laws; or (B) traded on a foreign commodity board of trade, exchange, or market, and is carried on the books of a commodity intermediary for a "Commercial tort claim" means a claim arising in tort with interest or agricultural lien.
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commodity customer. (16) (17) "Commodity customer" means a person for which a commodity "Commodity intermediary" means a person that: (A) is registered as a futures commission merchant under federal commodities law; or (B) in the ordinary course of its business provides clearance or settlement services for a board of trade that has been designated as a contract market pursuant to federal commodities law. (18) "Communicate" means: (A) to send a written or other tangible record; (B) to transmit a record by any means agreed upon by the persons sending and receiving the record; or (C) in the case of transmission of a record to or by a filing office, to transmit a record by any means prescribed by filing office rule. (19) a consignment. (20) "Consignment" means a transaction, regardless of its form, (A) the merchant: (i) deals in goods of that kind under a name other than the name of the person making delivery; (ii) is not an auctioneer; and (iii) is not generally known by its creditors to be substantially engaged in selling the goods of others; (B) with respect to each delivery, the aggregate value of the goods is $1,000 or more at the time of delivery; (C) the goods are not consumer goods immediately before delivery; and (D) the transaction does not create a security interest that secures an obligation. (21) (22) (23) "Consignor" means a person that delivers goods to a "Consumer debtor" means a debtor in a consumer transaction. "Consumer goods" means goods that are used or bought for use consignee in a consignment. in which a person delivers goods to a merchant for the purpose of sale and: "Consignee" means a merchant to which goods are delivered in intermediary carries a commodity contract on its books.
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primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. (24) which: (A) an individual incurs an obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes; and (B) a security interest in consumer goods secures the obligation. (25) "Consumer obligor" means an obligor who is an individual and who incurred the obligation as part of a transaction entered into primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. (26) "Consumer transaction" means a transaction in which (i) an individual incurs an obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes, (ii) a security interest secures the obligation, and (iii) the collateral is held or acquired primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. The term includes consumer-goods transactions. (27) statement which: (A) identifies, by its file number, the initial financing statement to which it relates; and (B) indicates that it is a continuation statement for, or that it is filed to continue the effectiveness of, the identified financing statement. (28) "Debtor" means: (A) a person having an interest, other than a security interest or other lien, in the collateral, whether or not the person is an obligor; (B) a seller of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes; or (C) a consignee. (29) "Deposit account" means a demand, time, savings, passbook, The term does not include or similar account maintained with a bank. (30) (31) "Continuation statement" means an amendment of a financing "Consumer-goods transaction" means a consumer transaction in
investment property or accounts evidenced by an instrument. "Document" means a document of title or a receipt of the "Electronic chattel paper" means chattel paper evidenced by type described in § 4-7-201(2). a record or records consisting of information stored in an electronic medium.
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(32) real property. (33) or consumer goods. (34)
"Encumbrance" means a right, other than an ownership The term includes mortgages and other liens on
interest, in real property.
"Equipment" means goods other than inventory, farm products, "Farm products" means goods, other than standing timber,
with respect to which the debtor is engaged in a farming operation and which (A) crops grown, growing, or to be grown, including: (i) crops produced on trees, vines, and bushes; and (ii) aquatic goods produced in aquacultural (B) livestock, born or unborn, including aquatic goods produced in aquacultural operations; (C) supplies used or produced in a farming operation; or (D) products of crops or livestock in their unmanufactured (35) "Farming operation" means raising, cultivating, propagating,
fattening, grazing, or any other farming, livestock, or aquacultural (36) (37) (38) (39) "File number" means the number assigned to an initial "Filing office" means an office designated in § 4-9-501 as "Filing office rule" means a rule adopted pursuant to § 4-9"Financing statement" means a record or records composed of
financing statement pursuant to § 4-9-519(a). the place to file a financing statement.
an initial financing statement and any filed record relating to the initial financing statement. (40) "Fixture filing" means the filing of a financing statement covering goods that are or are to become fixtures and satisfying § 4-9-502(a) The term includes the filing of a financing statement covering goods (41) "Fixtures" means goods that have become so related to of a transmitting utility which are or are to become fixtures. particular real property that an interest in them arises under real property
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(42)
"General intangible" means any personal property, including
things in action, other than accounts, chattel paper, commercial tort claims, deposit accounts, documents, goods, instruments, investment property, letterof-credit rights, letters of credit, money, and oil, gas, or other minerals before extraction. (43) (44) interest attaches. The term includes payment intangibles and software. "Good faith" means honesty in fact and the observance of "Goods" means all things that are movable when a security The term includes (i) fixtures, (ii) standing timber that
reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing.
is to be cut and removed under a conveyance or contract for sale, (iii) the unborn young of animals, (iv) crops grown, growing, or to be grown, even if the crops are produced on trees, vines, or bushes, and (v) manufactured homes. The term also includes a computer program embedded in goods and any supporting information provided in connection with a transaction relating to the program if (i) the program is associated with the goods in such a manner that it customarily is considered part of the goods, or (ii) by becoming the owner of the goods, a person acquires a right to use the program in connection with the goods. The term does not include a computer program embedded in goods that The term also consist solely of the medium in which the program is embedded.
does not include accounts, chattel paper, commercial tort claims, deposit accounts, documents, general intangibles, instruments, investment property, letter-of-credit rights, letters of credit, money, or oil, gas, or other minerals before extraction. (45) "Governmental unit" means a subdivision, agency, department, The term includes an organization county, parish, municipality, or other unit of the government of the United States, a State, or a foreign country. having a separate corporate existence if the organization is eligible to issue debt on which interest is exempt from income taxation under the laws of the United States. (46) "Health-care-insurance receivable" means an interest in or claim under a policy of insurance which is a right to payment of a monetary obligation for health-care goods or services provided. (47) "Instrument" means a negotiable instrument or any other writing that evidences a right to the payment of a monetary obligation, is not itself a security agreement or lease, and is of a type that in ordinary course of business is transferred by delivery with any necessary indorsement or
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assignment.
The term does not include (i) investment property, (ii) letters
of credit, or (iii) writings that evidence a right to payment arising out of the use of a credit or charge card or information contained on or for use with the card. (48) "Inventory" means goods, other than farm products, which: (A) are leased by a person as lessor; (B) are held by a person for sale or lease or to be furnished under a contract of service; (C) are furnished by a person under a contract of service; or (D) consist of raw materials, work in process, or materials used or consumed in a business. (49) "Investment property" means a security, whether certificated or uncertificated, security entitlement, securities account, commodity contract, or commodity account. (50) organized. (51) "Letter-of-credit right" means a right to payment or The performance under a letter of credit, whether or not the beneficiary has demanded or is at the time entitled to demand payment or performance. term does not include the right of a beneficiary to demand payment or performance under a letter of credit. (52) "Lien creditor" means: (A) a creditor that has acquired a lien on the property involved by attachment, levy, or the like; (B) an assignee for benefit of creditors from the time of assignment; (C) a trustee in bankruptcy from the date of the filing of the petition; or (D) a receiver in equity from the time of appointment. (53) "Manufactured home" means a structure, transportable in one or more sections, which, in the traveling mode, is eight (8) body feet or more in width or forty (40) body feet or more in length, or, when erected on site, is three hundred twenty (320) or more square feet, and which is built on a permanent chassis and designed to be used as a dwelling with or without a "Jurisdiction of organization", with respect to a registered organization, means the jurisdiction under whose law the organization is
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permanent foundation when connected to the required utilities, and includes the plumbing, heating, air-conditioning, and electrical systems contained therein. The term includes any structure that meets all of the requirements of this paragraph except the size requirements and with respect to which the manufacturer voluntarily files a certification required by the United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and complies with the standards established under Title 42 of the United States Code. (54) "Manufactured-home transaction" means a secured transaction: (A) that creates a purchase-money security interest in a manufactured home, other than a manufactured home held as inventory; or (B) in which a manufactured home, other than a manufactured home held as inventory, is the primary collateral. (55) (56) person. (57) "New value" means (i) money, (ii) money's worth in property, The term does not include services, or new credit, or (iii) release by a transferee of an interest in property previously transferred to the transferee. an obligation substituted for another obligation. (58) (59) "Noncash proceeds" means proceeds other than cash proceeds. "Obligor" means a person that, with respect to an obligation "Mortgage" means a consensual interest in real property, "New debtor" means a person that becomes bound as debtor including fixtures, which secures payment or performance of an obligation. under § 4-9-203(d) by a security agreement previously entered into by another
secured by a security interest in or an agricultural lien on the collateral, (i) owes payment or other performance of the obligation, (ii) has provided property other than the collateral to secure payment or other performance of the obligation, or (iii) is otherwise accountable in whole or in part for payment or other performance of the obligation. (60) The term does not include issuers or nominated persons under a letter of credit. "Original debtor", except as used in § 4-9-310(c), means a person that, as debtor, entered into a security agreement to which a new debtor has become bound under § 4-9-203(d). (61) (62) "Payment intangible" means a general intangible under which "Person related to", with respect to an individual, means: (A) the spouse of the individual; the account debtor's principal obligation is a monetary obligation.
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(B) a brother, brother-in-law, sister, or sister-in-law of (C) an ancestor or lineal descendant of the individual or the individual's spouse; or (D) any other relative, by blood or marriage, of the individual or the individual's spouse who shares the same home with the "Person related to", with respect to an organization, means: (A) a person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the organization; (B) an officer or director of, or a person performing similar functions with respect to, the organization; (C) an officer or director of, or a person performing similar functions with respect to, a person described in subparagraph (A); (D) the spouse of an individual described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C); or (E) an individual who is related by blood or marriage to an individual described in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (D) and shares the same home with the individual. (64) "Proceeds", except as used in § 4-9-609(b), means the (A) whatever is acquired upon the sale, lease, license, exchange, or other disposition of collateral; (B) whatever is collected on, or distributed on account of, (C) rights arising out of collateral; (D) to the extent of the value of collateral, claims arising out of the loss, nonconformity, or interference with the use of, defects or infringement of rights in, or damage to, the collateral; or (E) to the extent of the value of collateral and to the extent payable to the debtor or the secured party, insurance payable by reason of the loss or nonconformity of, defects or infringement of rights in, or damage to, the collateral. (65) "Promissory note" means an instrument that evidences a promise to pay a monetary obligation, does not evidence an order to pay, and does not contain an acknowledgment by a bank that the bank has received for following property:
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deposit a sum of money or funds. (66) "Proposal" means a record authenticated by a secured party which includes the terms on which the secured party is willing to accept collateral in full or partial satisfaction of the obligation it secures pursuant to §§ 4-9-620, 4-9-621, and 4-9-622. (67) "Public-finance transaction" means a secured transaction in (A) debt securities are issued; (B) all or a portion of the securities issued have an initial stated maturity of at least twenty (20) years; and (C) the debtor, obligor, secured party, account debtor or other person obligated on collateral, assignor or assignee of a secured obligation, or assignor or assignee of a security interest is a State or a governmental unit of a State. (68) "Pursuant to commitment", with respect to an advance made or other value given by a secured party, means pursuant to the secured party's obligation, whether or not a subsequent event of default or other event not within the secured party's control has relieved or may relieve the secured party from its obligation. (69) `Qualified intangible property' means a fully vested property right consisting of the irrevocable right of an electric utility or an assignee to charge, collect, receive, and be paid from collections of qualified intangible charges in the amount necessary to recover fully the qualified costs which are determined to be recoverable by the commission pursuant to the electric Consumer Choice Act of 1999 (§ 23-19-101 et seq.), all right, title, and interest of the electric utility or assignee in and to the qualified rate order pursuant to which such qualified intangible charges are authorized, including, without limitation, the right to obtain periodic adjustment of such qualified intangible charges pursuant to § 23-19-605(d), and all revenues, collections, claims, payments, money or proceeds of, or arising from, qualified intangible charges pursuant to such qualified rate order, whether or not the revenues and proceeds arising with respect thereto have accrued. Qualified intangible property shall constitute a contract right; it is not an account or general intangible. (70) "Record", except as used in "for record", "of record", "record or legal title", and "record owner", means information that is connection with which:
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inscribed on a tangible medium or which is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. (71) "Registered organization" means an organization organized solely under the law of a single State or the United States and as to which the State or the United States must maintain a public record showing the organization to have been organized. (72) "Secondary obligor" means an obligor to the extent that: (A) the obligor's obligation is secondary; or (B) the obligor has a right of recourse with respect to an obligation secured by collateral against the debtor, another obligor, or property of either. (73) "Secured party" means: (A) a person in whose favor a security interest is created or provided for under a security agreement, whether or not any obligation to be secured is outstanding; (B) a person that holds an agricultural lien; (C) a consignor; (D) a person to which accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes have been sold; (E) a trustee, indenture trustee, agent, collateral agent, or other representative in whose favor a security interest or agricultural lien is created or provided for; or (F) a person that holds a security interest arising under § 4-2-401, 4-2-505, 4-2-711(3), 4-2A-508(5), 4-4-210, or 4-5-118. (74) (75) "Security agreement" means an agreement that creates or "Send", in connection with a record or notification, means: (A) to deposit in the mail, deliver for transmission, or transmit by any other usual means of communication, with postage or cost of transmission provided for, addressed to any address reasonable under the circumstances; or (B) to cause the record or notification to be received within the time that it would have been received if properly sent under subparagraph (A). (76) "Software" means a computer program and any supporting information provided in connection with a transaction relating to the program. provides for a security interest.
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The term does not include a computer program that is included in the definition of goods. (77) "State" means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. (78) "Supporting obligation" means a letter-of-credit right or secondary obligation that supports the payment or performance of an account, chattel paper, a document, a general intangible, an instrument, or investment property. (79) medium. (80) statement which: (A) identifies, by its file number, the initial financing statement to which it relates; and (B) indicates either that it is a termination statement or that the identified financing statement is no longer effective. (81) the business of: (A) operating a railroad, subway, street railway, or trolley bus; (B) transmitting communications electrically, electromagnetically, or by light; (C) transmitting goods by pipeline or sewer; or (D) water. (b) The following definitions in other chapters apply to this chapter: § 4-5-102. § 4-5-102. § 4-8-102. § 4-8-102. § 4-3-104. § 4-8-102. § 4-2-106. § 4-4-104. "Applicant" "Beneficiary" "Broker" "Certificated security" "Check" "Clearing corporation" "Contract for sale" "Customer" producing or transmitting electricity, steam, gas, or "Transmitting utility" means a person primarily engaged in "Termination statement" means an amendment of a financing "Tangible chattel paper" means chattel paper evidenced by a record or records consisting of information that is inscribed on a tangible
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"Entitlement holder" "Financial asset" "Holder in due course" "Issuer" (with respect to a letter of credit or letter-of-credit right) "Issuer" (with respect to a security) "Lease" "Lease agreement" "Lease contract" "Leasehold interest" "Lessee" "Lessee in ordinary course of business" "Lessor" "Lessor's residual interest" "Letter of credit" "Merchant" "Negotiable instrument" "Nominated person" "Note" "Proceeds of a letter of credit" "Prove" "Sale" "Securities account" "Securities intermediary" "Security" "Security certificate" "Security entitlement" "Uncertificated security" (c)
§ 4-8-102. § 4-8-102. § 4-3-302. § 4-5-102. § 4-8-201. § 4-2A-103. § 4-2A-103. § 4-2A-103. § 4-2A-103. § 4-2A-103. § 4-2A-103. § 4-2A-103. § 4-2A-103. § 4-5-102. § 4-2-104. § 4-3-104. § 4-5-102. § 4-3-104. § 4-5-114. § 4-3-103. § 4-2-106. § 4-8-501. § 4-8-102. § 4-8-102. § 4-8-102. § 4-8-102. § 4-8-102.
Chapter 1 contains general definitions and principles of
construction and interpretation applicable throughout this chapter. 4-9-103. (a) PURCHASE-MONEY SECURITY INTEREST; APPLICATION OF PAYMENTS;
BURDEN OF ESTABLISHING. In this section: (1) "purchase-money collateral" means goods or software that secures a purchase-money obligation incurred with respect to that collateral;
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and (2) "purchase-money obligation" means an obligation of an obligor incurred as all or part of the price of the collateral or for value given to enable the debtor to acquire rights in or the use of the collateral if the value is in fact so used. (b) A security interest in goods is a purchase-money security interest: (1) to the extent that the goods are purchase-money collateral with respect to that security interest; (2) if the security interest is in inventory that is or was purchase-money collateral, also to the extent that the security interest secures a purchase-money obligation incurred with respect to other inventory in which the secured party holds or held a purchase-money security interest; and (3) also to the extent that the security interest secures a purchase-money obligation incurred with respect to software in which the secured party holds or held a purchase-money security interest. (c) A security interest in software is a purchase-money security interest to the extent that the security interest also secures a purchasemoney obligation incurred with respect to goods in which the secured party holds or held a purchase-money security interest if: (1) the debtor acquired its interest in the software in an integrated transaction in which it acquired an interest in the goods; and (2) the debtor acquired its interest in the software for the principal purpose of using the software in the goods. (d) (e) The security interest of a consignor in goods that are the subject In a transaction other than a consumer-goods transaction, if the of a consignment is a purchase-money security interest in inventory. extent to which a security interest is a purchase-money security interest depends on the application of a payment to a particular obligation, the payment must be applied: (1) in accordance with any reasonable method of application to which the parties agree; (2) in the absence of the parties' agreement to a reasonable method, in accordance with any intention of the obligor manifested at or before the time of payment; or (3) in the absence of an agreement to a reasonable method and a
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timely manifestation of the obligor's intention, in the following order: (A) to obligations that are not secured; and (B) if more than one obligation is secured, to obligations secured by purchase-money security interests in the order in which those obligations were incurred. (f) In a transaction other than a consumer-goods transaction, a (1) the purchase-money collateral also secures an obligation that is not a purchase-money obligation; (2) collateral that is not purchase-money collateral also secures the purchase-money obligation; or (3) the purchase-money obligation has been renewed, refinanced, consolidated, or restructured. (g) In a transaction other than a consumer-goods transaction, a secured party claiming a purchase-money security interest has the burden of establishing the extent to which the security interest is a purchase-money security interest. (h) The limitation of the rules in subsections (e), (f), and (g) to transactions other than consumer-goods transactions is intended to leave to the court the determination of the proper rules in consumer-goods transactions. The court may not infer from that limitation the nature of the proper rule in consumer-goods transactions and may continue to apply established approaches. 4-9-104. (a) CONTROL OF DEPOSIT ACCOUNT. purchase-money security interest does not lose its status as such, even if:
A secured party has control of a deposit account if: (1) the secured party is the bank with which the deposit account
is maintained; (2) the debtor, secured party, and bank have agreed in an authenticated record that the bank will comply with instructions originated by the secured party directing disposition of the funds in the deposit account without further consent by the debtor; or (3) the secured party becomes the bank's customer with respect to the deposit account. (b) A secured party that has satisfied subsection (a) has control, even if the debtor retains the right to direct the disposition of funds from the
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deposit account. 4-9-105. CONTROL OF ELECTRONIC CHATTEL PAPER. A secured party has
control of electronic chattel paper if the record or records comprising the chattel paper are created, stored, and assigned in such a manner that: (1) a single authoritative copy of the record or records exists which is unique, identifiable and, except as otherwise provided in paragraphs (4), (5), and (6), unalterable; (2) the authoritative copy identifies the secured party as the assignee of the record or records; (3) the authoritative copy is communicated to and maintained by the secured party or its designated custodian; (4) copies or revisions that add or change an identified assignee of the authoritative copy can be made only with the participation of the secured party; (5) each copy of the authoritative copy and any copy of a copy is readily identifiable as a copy that is not the authoritative copy; and (6) any revision of the authoritative copy is readily identifiable as an authorized or unauthorized revision. 4-9-106. (a) (b) CONTROL OF INVESTMENT PROPERTY.
A person has control of a certificated security, uncertificated A secured party has control of a commodity contract if: (1) the secured party is the commodity intermediary with which the
security, or security entitlement as provided in § 4-8-106.
commodity contract is carried; or (2) the commodity customer, secured party, and commodity intermediary have agreed that the commodity intermediary will apply any value distributed on account of the commodity contract as directed by the secured party without further consent by the commodity customer. (c) A secured party having control of all security entitlements or commodity contracts carried in a securities account or commodity account has control over the securities account or commodity account. 4-9-107. CONTROL OF LETTER-OF-CREDIT RIGHT. A secured party has
control of a letter-of-credit right to the extent of any right to payment or
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performance by the issuer or any nominated person if the issuer or nominated person has consented to an assignment of proceeds of the letter of credit under § 4-5-114(c) or otherwise applicable law or practice. 4-9-108. (a) SUFFICIENCY OF DESCRIPTION.
Except as otherwise provided in subsections (c), (d), and (e), a
description of personal or real property is sufficient, whether or not it is specific, if it reasonably identifies what is described. (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), a description of collateral reasonably identifies the collateral if it identifies the collateral by: (1) specific listing; (2) category; (3) except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a type of collateral defined in the Uniform Commercial Code; (4) quantity; (5) computational or allocational formula or procedure; or (6) except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), any other method, if the identity of the collateral is objectively determinable. (c) A description of collateral as "all the debtor's assets" or "all the debtor's personal property" or using words of similar import does not reasonably identify the collateral. (d) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a description of a security entitlement, securities account, or commodity account is sufficient if it describes: (1) the collateral by those terms or as investment property; or (2) the underlying financial asset or commodity contract. (e) A description only by type of collateral defined in the Uniform (1) a commercial tort claim; or (2) in a consumer transaction, consumer goods, a security entitlement, a securities account, or a commodity account. SUBPART 2. APPLICABILITY OF CHAPTER SCOPE. Commercial Code is an insufficient description of:
4-9-109.
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(a)
Except as otherwise provided in subsections (c) and (d), this (1) a transaction, regardless of its form, that creates a security
chapter applies to: interest in personal property or fixtures by contract; (2) an agricultural lien; (3) a sale of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, qualified intangible property, or promissory notes; (4) a consignment; (5) a security interest arising under §4-2-401, 4-2-505, 4-2711(3), or 4-2A-508(5), as provided in § 4-9-110; and (6) a security interest arising under § 4-4-210 or 4-5-118. (b) The application of this chapter to a security interest in a secured obligation is not affected by the fact that the obligation is itself secured by a transaction or interest to which this chapter does not apply. (c) This chapter does not apply to the extent that: (1) a statute, regulation, or treaty of the United States preempts this chapter; or (2) (d) the rights of a transferee beneficiary or nominated person under a This chapter does not apply to: (1) a landlord's lien, other than an agricultural lien; (2) a lien, other than an agricultural lien, given by statute or other rule of law for services or materials, but § 4-9-333 applies with respect to priority of the lien; (3) an assignment of a claim for wages, salary, or other compensation of an employee; (4) a sale of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes as part of a sale of the business out of which they arose; (5) an assignment of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes which is for the purpose of collection only; (6) an assignment of a right to payment under a contract to an assignee that is also obligated to perform under the contract; (7) an assignment of a single account, payment intangible, or promissory note to an assignee in full or partial satisfaction of a preexisting indebtedness; (8) a transfer of an interest in or an assignment of a claim letter of credit are independent and superior under § 4-5-114.
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under a policy of insurance, other than an assignment by or to a health-care provider of a health-care-insurance receivable and any subsequent assignment of the right to payment, but §§ 4-9-315 and 4-9-322 apply with respect to proceeds and priorities in proceeds; (9) an assignment of a right represented by a judgment, other than a judgment taken on a right to payment that was collateral; (10) a right of recoupment or set-off, but: (A) § 4-9-340 applies with respect to the effectiveness of rights of recoupment or set-off against deposit accounts; and (B) § 4-9-404 applies with respect to defenses or claims of an account debtor; (11) the creation or transfer of an interest in or lien on real property, including a lease or rents thereunder, except to the extent that provision is made for: (A) liens on real property in §§ 4-9-203 and 4-9-308; (B) fixtures in § 4-9-334; (C) fixture filings in §§ 4-9-501, 4-9-502, 4-9-512, 4-9516, and 4-9-519; and (D) security agreements covering personal and real property in § 4-9-604; (12) an assignment of a claim arising in tort, other than a commercial tort claim, but §§ 4-9-315 and 4-9-322 apply with respect to proceeds and priorities in proceeds; (13) an assignment of a deposit account in a consumer transaction, but §§ 4-9315 and 4-9-322 apply with respect to proceeds and priorities in proceeds; or (14) a transfer by a government or governmental unit. SECURITY INTERESTS ARISING UNDER CHAPTER 2 OR 2A. A security
4-9-110.
interest arising under § 4-2-401, 4-2-505, 4-2-711(3), or 4-2A-508(5) is subject to this chapter. goods: (1) the security interest is enforceable, even if § 4-9-203(b)(3) has not been satisfied; (2) filing is not required to perfect the security interest; (3) the rights of the secured party after default by the debtor are governed by Chapter 2 or 2A; and However, until the debtor obtains possession of the
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(4) the security interest has priority over a conflicting security interest created by the debtor.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SECURITY AGREEMENT; ATTACHMENT OF SECURITY INTEREST; RIGHTS OF PARTIES TO SECURITY AGREEMENT SUBPART 1. EFFECTIVENESS AND ATTACHMENT GENERAL EFFECTIVENESS OF SECURITY AGREEMENT.
4-9-201. (a)
Except as otherwise provided in the Uniform Commercial Code, a
security agreement is effective according to its terms between the parties, against purchasers of the collateral, and against creditors. (b) A transaction subject to this chapter is subject to any applicable rule of law which establishes a different rule for consumers; to any other statute or regulation of this State that regulates the rates, charges, agreements, and practices for loans, credit sales, or other extensions of credit; to rights for workers compensation as provided in § 11-9-110(a); and to any consumer-protection statute or regulation of this State. (c) In case of conflict between this chapter and a rule of law, Failure to comply with a statute or regulation statute, or regulation described in subsection (b), the rule of law, statute, or regulation controls. specifies. (d) This chapter does not: (1) validate any rate, charge, agreement, or practice that violates a rule of law, statute, or regulation described in subsection (b); or (2) extend the application of the rule of law, statute, or regulation to a transaction not otherwise subject to it. 4-9-202. TITLE TO COLLATERAL IMMATERIAL. Except as otherwise provided described in subsection (b) has only the effect the statute or regulation
with respect to consignments or sales of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes, the provisions of this chapter with regard to rights and obligations apply whether title to collateral is in the secured party or the debtor.
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4-9-203. (a)
ATTACHMENT AND ENFORCEABILITY OF SECURITY INTEREST; PROCEEDS;
SUPPORTING OBLIGATIONS; FORMAL REQUISITES. A security interest attaches to collateral when it becomes enforceable against the debtor with respect to the collateral, unless an agreement expressly postpones the time of attachment. (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (c) through (i), a security interest is enforceable against the debtor and third parties with respect to the collateral only if: (1) value has been given; (2) the debtor has rights in the collateral or the power to transfer rights in the collateral to a secured party; and (3) one of the following conditions is met: (A) the debtor has authenticated a security agreement that provides a description of the collateral and, if the security interest covers timber to be cut, a description of the land concerned; (B) the collateral is not a certificated security and is in the possession of the secured party under § 4-9-313 pursuant to the debtor's security agreement; (C) the collateral is a certificated security in registered form and the security certificate has been delivered to the secured party under § 4-8-301 pursuant to the debtor's security agreement; or (D) the collateral is deposit accounts, electronic chattel paper, investment property, or letter-of-credit rights, and the secured party has control under § 4-9-104, 4-9-105, 4-9-106, or 4-9-107 pursuant to the debtor's security agreement. (c) Subsection (b) is subject to § 4-4-210 on the security interest of a collecting bank, § 4-5-118 on the security interest of a letter-of-credit issuer or nominated person, § 4-9-110 on a security interest arising under Chapter 2 or 2A, and § 4-9-206 on security interests in investment property. (d) contract: (1) the security agreement becomes effective to create a security interest in the person's property; or (2) the person becomes generally obligated for the obligations of the other person, including the obligation secured under the security A person becomes bound as debtor by a security agreement entered into by another person if, by operation of law other than this chapter or by
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agreement, and acquires or succeeds to all or substantially all of the assets of the other person. (e) If a new debtor becomes bound as debtor by a security agreement (1) the agreement satisfies subsection (b)(3) with respect to existing or after-acquired property of the new debtor to the extent the property is described in the agreement; and (2) another agreement is not necessary to make a security interest in the property enforceable. (f) The attachment of a security interest in collateral gives the secured party the rights to proceeds provided by § 4-9-315 and is also attachment of a security interest in a supporting obligation for the collateral. (g) The attachment of a security interest in a right to payment or performance secured by a security interest or other lien on personal or real property is also attachment of a security interest in the security interest, mortgage, or other lien. (h) The attachment of a security interest in a securities account is also attachment of a security interest in the security entitlements carried in the securities account. (i) The attachment of a security interest in a commodity account is also attachment of a security interest in the commodity contracts carried in the commodity account. 4-9-204. (a) collateral. (b) A security interest does not attach under a term constituting an (1) consumer goods, other than an accession when given as additional security, unless the debtor acquires rights in them within ten (10) days after the secured party gives value; or (2) a commercial tort claim. (c) A security agreement may provide that collateral secures, or that accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes are sold in after-acquired property clause to: AFTER-ACQUIRED PROPERTY; FUTURE ADVANCES. entered into by another person:
Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), a security
agreement may create or provide for a security interest in after-acquired
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connection with, future advances or other value, whether or not the advances or value are given pursuant to commitment. 4-9-205. (a) solely because: (1) the debtor has the right or ability to: (A) use, commingle, or dispose of all or part of the collateral, including returned or repossessed goods; (B) collect, compromise, enforce, or otherwise deal with collateral; (C) accept the return of collateral or make repossessions; or (D) use, commingle, or dispose of proceeds; or (2) the secured party fails to require the debtor to account for proceeds or replace collateral. (b) This section does not relax the requirements of possession if attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security interest depends upon possession of the collateral by the secured party. 4-9-206. ASSET. (a) A security interest in favor of a securities intermediary attaches (1) the person buys a financial asset through the securities intermediary in a transaction in which the person is obligated to pay the purchase price to the securities intermediary at the time of the purchase; and (2) the securities intermediary credits the financial asset to the buyer's securities account before the buyer pays the securities intermediary. (b) (c) The security interest described in subsection (a) secures the A security interest in favor of a person that delivers a person's obligation to pay for the financial asset. certificated security or other financial asset represented by a writing attaches to the security or other financial asset if: (1) the security or other financial asset: (A) in the ordinary course of business is transferred by to a person's security entitlement if: SECURITY INTEREST ARISING IN PURCHASE OR DELIVERY OF FINANCIAL USE OR DISPOSITION OF COLLATERAL PERMISSIBLE.
A security interest is not invalid or fraudulent against creditors
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delivery with any necessary indorsement or assignment; and (B) is delivered under an agreement between persons in the business of dealing with such securities or financial assets; and (2) the agreement calls for delivery against payment. (d) SUBPART 2. The security interest described in subsection (c) secures the RIGHTS AND DUTIES RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF SECURED PARTY HAVING POSSESSION OR obligation to make payment for the delivery. 4-9-207. (a)
CONTROL OF COLLATERAL. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), a secured party In the case of chattel paper or an instrument, shall use reasonable care in the custody and preservation of collateral in the secured party's possession. reasonable care includes taking necessary steps to preserve rights against prior parties unless otherwise agreed. (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), if a secured party (1) reasonable expenses, including the cost of insurance and payment of taxes or other charges, incurred in the custody, preservation, use, or operation of the collateral are chargeable to the debtor and are secured by the collateral; (2) the risk of accidental loss or damage is on the debtor to the extent of a deficiency in any effective insurance coverage; (3) the secured party shall keep the collateral identifiable, but fungible collateral may be commingled; and (4) the secured party may use or operate the collateral: (A) for the purpose of preserving the collateral or its value; (B) as permitted by an order of a court having competent jurisdiction; or (C) except in the case of consumer goods, in the manner and to the extent agreed by the debtor. (c) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), a secured party having possession of collateral or control of collateral under § 4-9-104, 4-9105, 4-9-106, or 4-9-107: (1) may hold as additional security any proceeds, except money or funds, received from the collateral; has possession of collateral:
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(2) shall apply money or funds received from the collateral to reduce the secured obligation, unless remitted to the debtor; and (3) may create a security interest in the collateral. If the secured party is a buyer of accounts, chattel paper, payment (1) subsection (a) does not apply unless the secured party is entitled under an agreement: (A) to charge back uncollected collateral; or (B) otherwise to full or limited recourse against the debtor or a secondary obligor based on the nonpayment or other default of an account debtor or other obligor on the collateral; and (2) subsections (b) and (c) do not apply. 4-9-208. COLLATERAL. (a) This section applies to cases in which there is no outstanding secured obligation and the secured party is not committed to make advances, incur obligations, or otherwise give value. (b) debtor: (1) a secured party having control of a deposit account under § 49-104(a)(2) shall send to the bank with which the deposit account is maintained an authenticated statement that releases the bank from any further obligation to comply with instructions originated by the secured party; (2) a secured party having control of a deposit account under § 49-104(a)(3) shall: (A) pay the debtor the balance on deposit in the deposit (B) transfer the balance on deposit into a deposit account in the debtor's name; (3) a secured party, other than a buyer, having control of electronic chattel paper under § 4-9-105 shall: (A) communicate the authoritative copy of the electronic chattel paper to the debtor or its designated custodian; (B) if the debtor designates a custodian that is the designated custodian with which the authoritative copy of the electronic Within ten (10) days after receiving an authenticated demand by the ADDITIONAL DUTIES OF SECURED PARTY HAVING CONTROL OF intangibles, or promissory notes or a consignor:
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chattel paper is maintained for the secured party, communicate to the custodian an authenticated record releasing the designated custodian from any further obligation to comply with instructions originated by the secured party and instructing the custodian to comply with instructions originated by the debtor; and (C) take appropriate action to enable the debtor or its designated custodian to make copies of or revisions to the authoritative copy which add or change an identified assignee of the authoritative copy without the consent of the secured party; (4) a secured party having control of investment property under § 4-8-106(d)(2) or 4-9-106(b) shall send to the securities intermediary or commodity intermediary with which the security entitlement or commodity contract is maintained an authenticated record that releases the securities intermediary or commodity intermediary from any further obligation to comply with entitlement orders or directions originated by the secured party; and (5) a secured party having control of a letter-of-credit right under § 4-9-107 shall send to each person having an unfulfilled obligation to pay or deliver proceeds of the letter of credit to the secured party an authenticated release from any further obligation to pay or deliver proceeds of the letter of credit to the secured party. 4-9-209. ASSIGNMENT. (a) applies if: (1) there is no outstanding secured obligation; and (2) the secured party is not committed to make advances, incur obligations, or otherwise give value. (b) Within ten (10) days after receiving an authenticated demand by the debtor, a secured party shall send to an account debtor that has received notification of an assignment to the secured party as assignee under § 4-9406(a) an authenticated record that releases the account debtor from any further obligation to the secured party. (c) This section does not apply to an assignment constituting the sale of an account, chattel paper, or payment intangible. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), this section DUTIES OF SECURED PARTY IF ACCOUNT DEBTOR HAS BEEN NOTIFIED OF
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4-9-210. (a)
REQUEST FOR ACCOUNTING; REQUEST REGARDING LIST OF COLLATERAL
OR STATEMENT OF ACCOUNT. In this section: (1) (2), (3), or (4). (2) "Request for an accounting" means a record authenticated by a debtor requesting that the recipient provide an accounting of the unpaid obligations secured by collateral and reasonably identifying the transaction or relationship that is the subject of the request. (3) "Request regarding a list of collateral" means a record authenticated by a debtor requesting that the recipient approve or correct a list of what the debtor believes to be the collateral securing an obligation and reasonably identifying the transaction or relationship that is the subject of the request. (4) "Request regarding a statement of account" means a record authenticated by a debtor requesting that the recipient approve or correct a statement indicating what the debtor believes to be the aggregate amount of unpaid obligations secured by collateral as of a specified date and reasonably identifying the transaction or relationship that is the subject of the request. (b) Subject to subsections (c), (d), (e), and (f), a secured party, other than a buyer of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes or a consignor, shall comply with a request within fourteen (14) days after receipt: (1) in the case of a request for an accounting, by authenticating and sending to the debtor an accounting; and (2) in the case of a request regarding a list of collateral or a request regarding a statement of account, by authenticating and sending to the debtor an approval or correction. (c) A secured party that claims a security interest in all of a particular type of collateral owned by the debtor may comply with a request regarding a list of collateral by sending to the debtor an authenticated record including a statement to that effect within fourteen (14) days after receipt. (d) A person that receives a request regarding a list of collateral, claims no interest in the collateral when it receives the request, and claimed "Request" means a record of a type described in paragraph
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an interest in the collateral at an earlier time shall comply with the request within fourteen (14) days after receipt by sending to the debtor an authenticated record: (1) disclaiming any interest in the collateral; and (2) if known to the recipient, providing the name and mailing address of any assignee of or successor to the recipient's interest in the collateral. (e) A person that receives a request for an accounting or a request regarding a statement of account, claims no interest in the obligations when it receives the request, and claimed an interest in the obligations at an earlier time shall comply with the request within fourteen (14) days after receipt by sending to the debtor an authenticated record: (1) disclaiming any interest in the obligations; and (2) if known to the recipient, providing the name and mailing address of any assignee of or successor to the recipient's interest in the obligations. (f) A debtor is entitled without charge to one response to a request The secured party may require under this section during any six-month period. additional response. PART 3 PERFECTION AND PRIORITY SUBPART 1. LAW GOVERNING PERFECTION AND PRIORITY LAW GOVERNING PERFECTION AND PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS.
payment of a charge not exceeding twenty-five dollars ($25) for each
4-9-301.
Except as otherwise provided in §§ 4-9-303 through 4-9-306, and except for the perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in qualified intangible property, which shall be governed by the law of this State, the following rules determine the law governing perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in collateral: (1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, while a debtor is located in a jurisdiction, the local law of that jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in collateral.
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(2)
While collateral is located in a jurisdiction, the local law of
that jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a possessory security interest in that collateral. (3) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (4), while negotiable documents, goods, instruments, money, or tangible chattel paper is located in a jurisdiction, the local law of that jurisdiction governs: (A) perfection of a security interest in the goods by filing a fixture filing; (B) perfection of a security interest in timber to be cut; and (C) the effect of perfection or nonperfection and the priority of a nonpossessory security interest in the collateral. (4) The local law of the jurisdiction in which the wellhead or minehead is located governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in as-extracted collateral. 4-9-302. LAW GOVERNING PERFECTION AND PRIORITY OF AGRICULTURAL LIENS.
While farm products are located in a jurisdiction, the local law of that jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of an agricultural lien on the farm products. 4-9-303. (a) LAW GOVERNING PERFECTION AND PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN
GOODS COVERED BY A CERTIFICATE OF TITLE. This section applies to goods covered by a certificate of title, even if there is no other relationship between the jurisdiction under whose certificate of title the goods are covered and the goods or the debtor. (b) Goods become covered by a certificate of title when a valid Goods cease to be covered by a certificate of application for the certificate of title and the applicable fee are delivered to the appropriate authority. title at the earlier of the time the certificate of title ceases to be effective under the law of the issuing jurisdiction or the time the goods become covered subsequently by a certificate of title issued by another jurisdiction. (c) The local law of the jurisdiction under whose certificate of title the goods are covered governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in goods covered by a
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certificate of title from the time the goods become covered by the certificate of title until the goods cease to be covered by the certificate of title. 4-9-304. (a) LAW GOVERNING PERFECTION AND PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN
DEPOSIT ACCOUNTS. The local law of a bank's jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in a deposit account maintained with that bank. (b) this part: (1) If an agreement between the bank and the debtor governing the deposit account expressly provides that a particular jurisdiction is the bank's jurisdiction for purposes of this part, this chapter, or the Uniform Commercial Code, that jurisdiction is the bank's jurisdiction. (2) If paragraph (1) does not apply and an agreement between the bank and its customer governing the deposit account expressly provides that the agreement is governed by the law of a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the bank's jurisdiction. (3) If neither paragraph (1) nor paragraph (2) applies and an agreement between the bank and its customer governing the deposit account expressly provides that the deposit account is maintained at an office in a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the bank's jurisdiction. (4) If none of the preceding paragraphs applies, the bank's jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which the office identified in an account statement as the office serving the customer's account is located. (5) bank is located. 4-9-305. (a) apply: (1) While a security certificate is located in a jurisdiction, the local law of that jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in the LAW GOVERNING PERFECTION AND PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN If none of the preceding paragraphs applies, the bank's jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which the chief executive office of the The following rules determine a bank's jurisdiction for purposes of
INVESTMENT PROPERTY. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), the following rules
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certificated security represented thereby. (2) The local law of the issuer's jurisdiction as specified in §4-8-110(d) governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in an uncertificated security. (3) The local law of the securities intermediary's jurisdiction as specified in § 4-8-110(e) governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in a security entitlement or securities account. (4) The local law of the commodity intermediary's jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in a commodity contract or commodity account. (b) The following rules determine a commodity intermediary's (1) If an agreement between the commodity intermediary and jurisdiction for purposes of this part: commodity customer governing the commodity account expressly provides that a particular jurisdiction is the commodity intermediary's jurisdiction for purposes of this part, this chapter, or the Uniform Commercial Code, that jurisdiction is the commodity intermediary's jurisdiction. (2) If paragraph (1) does not apply and an agreement between the commodity intermediary and commodity customer governing the commodity account expressly provides that the agreement is governed by the law of a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the commodity intermediary's jurisdiction. (3) If neither paragraph (1) nor paragraph (2) applies and an agreement between the commodity intermediary and commodity customer governing the commodity account expressly provides that the commodity account is maintained at an office in a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the commodity intermediary's jurisdiction. (4) If none of the preceding paragraphs applies, the commodity intermediary's jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which the office identified in an account statement as the office serving the commodity customer's account is located. (5) If none of the preceding paragraphs applies, the commodity intermediary's jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which the chief executive office of the commodity intermediary is located. (c) governs: The local law of the jurisdiction in which the debtor is located
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(1) perfection of a security interest in investment property by (2) automatic perfection of a security interest in investment property created by a broker or securities intermediary; and (3) automatic perfection of a security interest in a commodity contract or commodity account created by a commodity intermediary. 4-9-306. (a) LAW GOVERNING PERFECTION AND PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN
LETTER-OF-CREDIT RIGHTS. Subject to subsection (c), the local law of the issuer's jurisdiction or a nominated person's jurisdiction governs perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of a security interest in a letter-of-credit right if the issuer's jurisdiction or nominated person's jurisdiction is a State. (b) For purposes of this part, an issuer's jurisdiction or nominated person's jurisdiction is the jurisdiction whose law governs the liability of the issuer or nominated person with respect to the letter-of-credit right as provided in § 4-5-116. (c) This section does not apply to a security interest that is perfected only under § 4-9-308(d). 4-9-307. (a) (b) LOCATION OF DEBTOR.
In this section, "place of business" means a place where a debtor Except as otherwise provided in this section, the following rules (1) (2) (3) A debtor who is an individual is located at the individual's A debtor that is an organization and has only one place of A debtor that is an organization and has more than one place
conducts its affairs. determine a debtor's location: principal residence. business is located at its place of business. of business is located at its chief executive office. Subsection (b) applies only if a debtor's residence, place of business, or chief executive office, as applicable, is located in a jurisdiction whose law generally requires information concerning the existence of a nonpossessory security interest to be made generally available in a
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filing, recording, or registration system as a condition or result of the security interest's obtaining priority over the rights of a lien creditor with respect to the collateral. (d) If subsection (b) does not apply, the debtor is located in the District of Columbia. A person that ceases to exist, have a residence, or have a place of business continues to be located in the jurisdiction specified by subsections (b) and (c). (e) (f) A registered organization that is organized under the law of a Except as otherwise provided in subsection (i), a registered State is located in that State. organization that is organized under the law of the United States and a branch or agency of a bank that is not organized under the law of the United States or a State are located: (1) in the State that the law of the United States designates, if the law designates a State of location; (2) in the State that the registered organization, branch, or agency designates, if the law of the United States authorizes the registered organization, branch, or agency to designate its State of location; or (3) in the District of Columbia, if neither paragraph (1) nor paragraph (2) applies. (g) A registered organization continues to be located in the (1) the suspension, revocation, forfeiture, or lapse of the registered organization's status as such in its jurisdiction of organization; or (2) the dissolution, winding up, or cancellation of the existence of the registered organization. (h) (i) The United States is located in the District of Columbia. A branch or agency of a bank that is not organized under the law of jurisdiction specified by subsection (e) or (f) notwithstanding:
the United States or a State is located in the State in which the branch or agency is licensed, if all branches and agencies of the bank are licensed in only one State. (j) A foreign air carrier under the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended, is located at the designated office of the agent upon which service of process may be made on behalf of the carrier. (k) This section applies only for purposes of this part.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 4-9-309. SECURITY INTEREST PERFECTED UPON ATTACHMENT. The following security interests are perfected when they attach: (1) a purchase-money security interest in consumer goods, except as otherwise provided in § 4-9-311(b) with respect to consumer goods that are subject to a statute or treaty described in § 4-9-311(a); 4-9-308. (a) WHEN SECURITY INTEREST OR AGRICULTURAL LIEN IS PERFECTED; CONTINUITY OF PERFECTION. Except as otherwise provided in this section and § 4-9-309, a security interest is perfected if it has attached and all of the applicable requirements for perfection in §§ 4-9-310 through 4-9-316 have been satisfied. A security interest is perfected when it attaches if the applicable requirements are satisfied before the security interest attaches. (b) satisfied. effective. (c) A security interest or agricultural lien is perfected continuously if it is originally perfected by one method under this chapter and is later perfected by another method under this chapter, without an intermediate period when it was unperfected. (d) (e) Perfection of a security interest in collateral also perfects a Perfection of a security interest in a right to payment or security interest in a supporting obligation for the collateral. performance also perfects a security interest in a security interest, mortgage, or other lien on personal or real property securing the right. (f) Perfection of a security interest in a securities account also perfects a security interest in the security entitlements carried in the securities account. (g) Perfection of a security interest in a commodity account also perfects a security interest in the commodity contracts carried in the commodity account. An agricultural lien is perfected if it has become effective and An agricultural lien is perfected when it becomes effective if the all of the applicable requirements for perfection in § 4-9-310 have been applicable requirements are satisfied before the agricultural lien becomes SUBPART 2. PERFECTION
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(2) an assignment of accounts or payment intangibles which does not by itself or in conjunction with other assignments to the same assignee transfer a significant part of the assignor's outstanding accounts or payment intangibles; (3) a sale of a payment intangible; (4) a sale of a promissory note; (5) a security interest created by the assignment of a health-careinsurance receivable to the provider of the health-care goods or services; (6) a security interest arising under §4-2-401, 4-2-505, 4-2-711(3), or 4-2A-508(5), until the debtor obtains possession of the collateral; (7) a security interest of a collecting bank arising under § 4-4-210; (8) a security interest of an issuer or nominated person arising under § 4-5-118; (9) a security interest arising in the delivery of a financial asset under § 4-9-206(c); (10) a security interest in investment property created by a broker or securities intermediary; (11) a security interest in a commodity contract or a commodity account created by a commodity intermediary; (12) an assignment for the benefit of all creditors of the transferor and subsequent transfers by the assignee thereunder; and (13) a security interest created by an assignment of a beneficial interest in a decedent's estate. 4-9-310. WHEN FILING REQUIRED TO PERFECT SECURITY INTEREST OR
AGRICULTURAL LIEN; SECURITY INTERESTS AND AGRICULTURAL LIENS TO WHICH FILING PROVISIONS DO NOT APPLY. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) and § 4-9-312(b), a financing statement must be filed to perfect all security interests and agricultural liens. (b) The filing of a financing statement is not necessary to perfect a (1) that is perfected under § 4-9-308(d), (e), (f), or (g); (2) that is perfected under § 4-9-309 when it attaches; (3) in property subject to a statute, regulation, or treaty described in § 4-9-311(a); security interest:
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 (c) 9-314; § 4-9-313; (g);
(4) in goods in possession of a bailee which is perfected under § 4-9-312(d)(1) or (2); (5) in certificated securities, documents, goods, or instruments which is perfected without filing or possession under § 4-9-312(e), (f), or (6) in collateral in the secured party's possession under (7) in a certificated security which is perfected by delivery of the security certificate to the secured party under § 4-9-313; (8) in deposit accounts, electronic chattel paper, investment property, or letter-of-credit rights which is perfected by control under § 4(9) in proceeds which is perfected under § 4-9-315; or (10) that is perfected under § 4-9-316. If a secured party assigns a perfected security interest or agricultural lien, a filing under this chapter is not required to continue the perfected status of the security interest against creditors of and transferees from the original debtor. 4-9-311. (a) PERFECTION OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN PROPERTY SUBJECT TO
CERTAIN STATUTES, REGULATIONS, AND TREATIES. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), the filing of a financing statement is not necessary or effective to perfect a security interest in property subject to: (1) a statute, regulation, or treaty of the United States whose requirements for a security interest's obtaining priority over the rights of a lien creditor with respect to the property preempt § 4-9-310(a); (2) any other laws of this State which provide for central filing of security interests or which requie indication on a certificate of title to property of such interest, including but not limited to §§ 27-14-801 27-14807; or (3) a certificate-of-title statute of another jurisdiction which provides for a security interest to be indicated on the certificate as a condition or result of the security interest's obtaining priority over the rights of a lien creditor with respect to the property. (b) Compliance with the requirements of a statute, regulation, or
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treaty described in subsection (a) for obtaining priority over the rights of a lien creditor is equivalent to the filing of a financing statement under this chapter. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) and §§ 4-9-313 and 49-316(d) and (e) for goods covered by a certificate of title, a security interest in property subject to a statute, regulation, or treaty described in subsection (a) may be perfected only by compliance with those requirements, and a security interest so perfected remains perfected notwithstanding a change in the use or transfer of possession of the collateral. (c) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) and § 4-9-316(d) and (e), duration and renewal of perfection of a security interest perfected by compliance with the requirements prescribed by a statute, regulation, or treaty described in subsection (a) are governed by the statute, regulation, or treaty. (d) In other respects, the security interest is subject to this chapter. During any period in which collateral subject to a statute
specified in subsection (a)(2) is inventory held for sale or lease by a person or leased by that person as lessor and that person is in the business of selling goods of that kind, this section does not apply to a security interest in that collateral created by that person. 4-9-312. PERFECTION OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN CHATTEL PAPER, DEPOSIT
ACCOUNTS, DOCUMENTS, GOODS COVERED BY DOCUMENTS, INSTRUMENTS, INVESTMENT PROPERTY, LETTER-OF-CREDIT RIGHTS, AND MONEY; PERFECTION BY PERMISSIVE FILING; TEMPORARY PERFECTION WITHOUT FILING OR TRANSFER OF POSSESSION. (a) (b) A security interest in chattel paper, negotiable documents, Except as otherwise provided in § 4-9-315(c) and (d) for proceeds: (1) a security interest in a deposit account may be perfected only by control under § 4-9-314; (2) and except as otherwise provided in § 4-9-308(d), a security interest in a letter-of-credit right may be perfected only by control under § 4-9-314; and (3) a security interest in money may be perfected only by the secured party's taking possession under § 4-9-313. (c) While goods are in the possession of a bailee that has issued a (1) a security interest in the goods may be perfected by negotiable document covering the goods: instruments, or investment property may be perfected by filing.
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perfecting a security interest in the document; and (2) a security interest perfected in the document has priority over any security interest that becomes perfected in the goods by another method during that time. (d) While goods are in the possession of a bailee that has issued a nonnegotiable document covering the goods, a security interest in the goods may be perfected by: (1) issuance of a document in the name of the secured party; (2) the bailee's receipt of notification of the secured party's interest; or (3) filing as to the goods. (e) A security interest in certificated securities, negotiable documents, or instruments is perfected without filing or the taking of possession for a period of twenty (20) days from the time it attaches to the extent that it arises for new value given under an authenticated security agreement. (f) A perfected security interest in a negotiable document or goods in possession of a bailee, other than one that has issued a negotiable document for the goods, remains perfected for twenty (20) days without filing if the secured party makes available to the debtor the goods or documents representing the goods for the purpose of: (1) ultimate sale or exchange; or (2) loading, unloading, storing, shipping, transshipping, manufacturing, processing, or otherwise dealing with them in a manner preliminary to their sale or exchange. (g) A perfected security interest in a certificated security or instrument remains perfected for twenty (20) days without filing if the secured party delivers the security certificate or instrument to the debtor for the purpose of: (1) ultimate sale or exchange; or (2) presentation, collection, enforcement, renewal, or registration of transfer. (h) After the 20-day period specified in subsection (e), (f), or (g) expires, perfection depends upon compliance with this chapter. 4-9-313. WHEN POSSESSION BY OR DELIVERY TO SECURED PARTY PERFECTS
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SECURITY INTEREST WITHOUT FILING. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), a secured party may A perfect a security interest in negotiable documents, goods, instruments, money, or tangible chattel paper by taking possession of the collateral. taking delivery of the certificated securities under § 4-8-301. (b) With respect to goods covered by a certificate of title issued by this State, a secured party may perfect a security interest in the goods by taking possession of the goods only in the circumstances described in § 4-9316(d). (c) With respect to collateral other than certificated securities and goods covered by a document, a secured party takes possession of collateral in the possession of a person other than the debtor, the secured party, or a lessee of the collateral from the debtor in the ordinary course of the debtor's business, when: (1) the person in possession authenticates a record acknowledging that it holds possession of the collateral for the secured party's benefit; or (2) the person takes possession of the collateral after having authenticated a record acknowledging that it will hold possession of collateral for the secured party's benefit. (d) If perfection of a security interest depends upon possession of the collateral by a secured party, perfection occurs no earlier than the time the secured party takes possession and continues only while the secured party retains possession. (e) A security interest in a certificated security in registered form is perfected by delivery when delivery of the certificated security occurs under § 4-8-301 and remains perfected by delivery until the debtor obtains possession of the security certificate. (f) (g) A person in possession of collateral is not required to acknowledge If a person acknowledges that it holds possession for the secured (1) the acknowledgment is effective under subsection (c) or § 4-8301(a), even if the acknowledgment violates the rights of a debtor; and (2) unless the person otherwise agrees or law other than this chapter otherwise provides, the person does not owe any duty to the secured that it holds possession for a secured party's benefit. party's benefit: secured party may perfect a security interest in certificated securities by
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party and is not required to confirm the acknowledgment to another person. (h) A secured party having possession of collateral does not relinquish possession by delivering the collateral to a person other than the debtor or a lessee of the collateral from the debtor in the ordinary course of the debtor's business if the person was instructed before the delivery or is instructed contemporaneously with the delivery: (1) to hold possession of the collateral for the secured party's benefit; or (2) to redeliver the collateral to the secured party. (i) A secured party does not relinquish possession, even if a delivery A person to which under subsection (h) violates the rights of a debtor.
collateral is delivered under subsection (h) does not owe any duty to the secured party and is not required to confirm the delivery to another person unless the person otherwise agrees or law other than this chapter otherwise provides. 4-9-314. (a) PERFECTION BY CONTROL.
A security interest in investment property, deposit accounts,
letter-of-credit rights, or electronic chattel paper may be perfected by control of the collateral under §§ 4-9-104, 4-9-105, 4-9-106, or 4-9-107. (b) A security interest in deposit accounts, electronic chattel paper, or letter-of-credit rights is perfected by control under §§ 4-9-104, 4-9-105, or 4-9-107 when the secured party obtains control and remains perfected by control only while the secured party retains control. (c) A security interest in investment property is perfected by control under § 4-9-106 from the time the secured party obtains control and remains perfected by control until: (1) the secured party does not have control; and (2) one of the following occurs: (A) if the collateral is a certificated security, the debtor has or acquires possession of the security certificate; (B) if the collateral is an uncertificated security, the issuer has registered or registers the debtor as the registered owner; or (C) if the collateral is a security entitlement, the debtor is or becomes the entitlement holder.
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4-9-315. PROCEEDS. (a)
SECURED PARTY'S RIGHTS ON DISPOSITION OF COLLATERAL AND IN
Except as otherwise provided in this chapter and in § 4-2-403(2): (1) a security interest or agricultural lien continues in
collateral notwithstanding sale, lease, license, exchange, or other disposition thereof unless the secured party authorized the disposition free of the security interest or agricultural lien; and (2) a security interest attaches to any identifiable proceeds of collateral. (b) proceeds: (1) if the proceeds are goods, to the extent provided by § 4-9-336; and (2) if the proceeds are not goods, to the extent that the secured party identifies the proceeds by a method of tracing, including application of equitable principles, that is permitted under law other than this chapter with respect to commingled property of the type involved. (c) (d) A security interest in proceeds is a perfected security interest if A perfected security interest in proceeds becomes unperfected on (1) the following conditions are satisfied: (A) a filed financing statement covers the original collateral; (B) the proceeds are collateral in which a security interest may be perfected by filing in the office in which the financing statement has been filed; and (C) the proceeds are not acquired with cash proceeds; (2) the proceeds are identifiable cash proceeds; or (3) the security interest in the proceeds is perfected other than under subsection (c) when the security interest attaches to the proceeds or within twenty (20) days thereafter. (e) If a filed financing statement covers the original collateral, a security interest in proceeds which remains perfected under subsection (d)(1) becomes unperfected at the later of: (1) when the effectiveness of the filed financing statement lapses the security interest in the original collateral was perfected. the 21st day after the security interest attaches to the proceeds unless: Proceeds that are commingled with other property are identifiable
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under § 4-9-515 or is terminated under § 4-9-513; or (2) the twenty-first (21st) day after the security interest attaches to the proceeds. 4-9-316. GOVERNING LAW. (a) A security interest perfected pursuant to the law of the jurisdiction designated in § 4-9-301(1) or 4-9-305(c) remains perfected until the earliest of: (1) the time perfection would have ceased under the law of that jurisdiction; (2) the expiration of four months after a change of the debtor's location to another jurisdiction; or (3) the expiration of one year after a transfer of collateral to a person that thereby becomes a debtor and is located in another jurisdiction. (b) If a security interest described in subsection (a) becomes If the perfected under the law of the other jurisdiction before the earliest time or event described in that subsection, it remains perfected thereafter. security interest does not become perfected under the law of the other jurisdiction before the earliest time or event, it becomes unperfected and is deemed never to have been perfected as against a purchaser of the collateral for value. (c) A possessory security interest in collateral, other than goods covered by a certificate of title and as-extracted collateral consisting of goods, remains continuously perfected if: (1) the collateral is located in one jurisdiction and subject to a security interest perfected under the law of that jurisdiction; (2) thereafter the collateral is brought into another jurisdiction; and (3) upon entry into the other jurisdiction, the security interest is perfected under the law of the other jurisdiction. (d) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a security interest in goods covered by a certificate of title which is perfected by any method under the law of another jurisdiction when the goods become covered by a certificate of title from this State remains perfected until the security interest would have become unperfected under the law of the other jurisdiction CONTINUED PERFECTION OF SECURITY INTEREST FOLLOWING CHANGE IN
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had the goods not become so covered. (e) A security interest described in subsection (d) becomes unperfected as against a purchaser of the goods for value and is deemed never to have been perfected as against a purchaser of the goods for value if the applicable requirements for perfection under § 4-9-311(b) or 4-9-313 are not satisfied before the earlier of: (1) the time the security interest would have become unperfected under the law of the other jurisdiction had the goods not become covered by a certificate of title from this State; or (2) the expiration of four months after the goods had become so covered. (f) A security interest in deposit accounts, letter-of-credit rights, or investment property which is perfected under the law of the bank's jurisdiction, the issuer's jurisdiction, a nominated person's jurisdiction, the securities intermediary's jurisdiction, or the commodity intermediary's jurisdiction, as applicable, remains perfected until the earlier of: (1) the time the security interest would have become unperfected under the law of that jurisdiction; or (2) the expiration of four months after a change of the applicable jurisdiction to another jurisdiction. (g) If a security interest described in subsection (f) becomes perfected under the law of the other jurisdiction before the earlier of the time or the end of the period described in that subsection, it remains perfected thereafter. If the security interest does not become perfected under the law of the other jurisdiction before the earlier of that time or the end of that period, it becomes unperfected and is deemed never to have been perfected as against a purchaser of the collateral for value. SUBPART 3. PRIORITY INTERESTS THAT TAKE PRIORITY OVER OR TAKE FREE OF SECURITY
4-9-317. (a) rights of:
INTEREST OR AGRICULTURAL LIEN. A security interest or agricultural lien is subordinate to the (1) a person entitled to priority under § 4-9-322; and (2) except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a person that
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becomes a lien creditor before the earlier of the time: (A) perfected; or (B) (b) one of the conditions specified in § 4-9-203(b)(3) is met and a financing statement covering the collateral is filed. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a buyer, other than a secured party, of tangible chattel paper, documents, goods, instruments, or a security certificate takes free of a security interest or agricultural lien if the buyer gives value and receives delivery of the collateral without knowledge of the security interest or agricultural lien and before it is perfected. (c) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a lessee of goods takes free of a security interest or agricultural lien if the lessee gives value and receives delivery of the collateral without knowledge of the security interest or agricultural lien and before it is perfected. (d) A licensee of a general intangible or a buyer, other than a secured party, of accounts, electronic chattel paper, general intangibles, or investment property other than a certificated security takes free of a security interest if the licensee or buyer gives value without knowledge of the security interest and before it is perfected. (e) Except as otherwise provided in §§ 4-9-320 and 4-9-321, if a person files a financing statement with respect to a purchase-money security interest before or within twenty (20) days after the debtor receives delivery of the collateral, the security interest takes priority over the rights of a buyer, lessee, or lien creditor which arise between the time the security interest attaches and the time of filing. 4-9-318. PURCHASERS. (a) A debtor that has sold an account, chattel paper, payment intangible, or promissory note does not retain a legal or equitable interest in the collateral sold. (b) For purposes of determining the rights of creditors of, and purchasers for value of an account or chattel paper from, a debtor that has sold an account or chattel paper, while the buyer's security interest is NO INTEREST RETAINED IN RIGHT TO PAYMENT THAT IS SOLD; RIGHTS the security interest or agricultural lien is
AND TITLE OF SELLER OF ACCOUNT OR CHATTEL PAPER WITH RESPECT TO CREDITORS AND
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unperfected, the debtor is deemed to have rights and title to the account or chattel paper identical to those the debtor sold. 4-9-319. PURCHASERS. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), for purposes of determining the rights of creditors of, and purchasers for value of goods from, a consignee, while the goods are in the possession of the consignee, the consignee is deemed to have rights and title to the goods identical to those the consignor had or had power to transfer. (b) For purposes of determining the rights of a creditor of a consignee, law other than this chapter determines the rights and title of a consignee while goods are in the consignee's possession if, under this part, a perfected security interest held by the consignor would have priority over the rights of the creditor. 4-9-320. (a) BUYER OF GOODS. RIGHTS AND TITLE OF CONSIGNEE WITH RESPECT TO CREDITORS AND
Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a buyer in ordinary
course of business, other than a person buying farm products from a person engaged in farming operations, takes free of a security interest created by the buyer's seller, even if the security interest is perfected and the buyer knows of its existence. (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a buyer of goods from a person who used or bought the goods for use primarily for personal, family, or household purposes takes free of a security interest, even if perfected, if the buyer buys: (1) without knowledge of the security interest; (2) for value; (3) primarily for the buyer's personal, family, or household purposes; and (4) before the filing of a financing statement covering the goods. (c) To the extent that it affects the priority of a security interest over a buyer of goods under subsection (b), the period of effectiveness of a filing made in the jurisdiction in which the seller is located is governed by § 4-9-316(a) and (b). (d) A buyer in ordinary course of business buying oil, gas, or other
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minerals at the wellhead or minehead or after extraction takes free of an interest arising out of an encumbrance. (e) Subsections (a) and (b) do not affect a security interest in goods in the possession of the secured party under § 4-9-313. 4-9-321. (a) LICENSEE OF GENERAL INTANGIBLE AND LESSEE OF GOODS IN ORDINARY
COURSE OF BUSINESS. In this section, "licensee in ordinary course of business" means a person that becomes a licensee of a general intangible in good faith, without knowledge that the license violates the rights of another person in the general intangible, and in the ordinary course from a person in the business of licensing general intangibles of that kind. A person becomes a licensee in the ordinary course if the license to the person comports with the usual or customary practices in the kind of business in which the licensor is engaged or with the licensor's own usual or customary practices. (b) A licensee in ordinary course of business takes its rights under a nonexclusive license free of a security interest in the general intangible created by the licensor, even if the security interest is perfected and the licensee knows of its existence. (c) A lessee in ordinary course of business takes its leasehold interest free of a security interest in the goods created by the lessor, even if the security interest is perfected and the lessee knows of its existence. 4-9-322. (a) PRIORITIES AMONG CONFLICTING SECURITY INTERESTS IN AND
AGRICULTURAL LIENS ON SAME COLLATERAL. Except as otherwise provided in this section, priority among conflicting security interests and agricultural liens in the same collateral is determined according to the following rules: (1) Conflicting perfected security interests and agricultural Priority liens rank according to priority in time of filing or perfection.
dates from the earlier of the time a filing covering the collateral is first made or the security interest or agricultural lien is first perfected, if there is no period thereafter when there is neither filing nor perfection. (2) lien. A perfected security interest or agricultural lien has priority over a conflicting unperfected security interest or agricultural
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(3)
The first security interest or agricultural lien to attach or
become effective has priority if conflicting security interests and agricultural liens are unperfected. (b) For the purposes of subsection (a)(1): (1) the time of filing or perfection as to a security interest in collateral is also the time of filing or perfection as to a security interest in proceeds; and (2) the time of filing or perfection as to a security interest in collateral supported by a supporting obligation is also the time of filing or perfection as to a security interest in the supporting obligation. (c) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (f), a security interest in collateral which qualifies for priority over a conflicting security interest under § 4-9-327, 4-9-328, 4-9-329, 4-9-330, or 4-9-331 also has priority over a conflicting security interest in: (1) any supporting obligation for the collateral; and (2) proceeds of the collateral if: (A) the security interest in proceeds is perfected; (B) the proceeds are cash proceeds or of the same type as the collateral; and (C) in the case of proceeds that are proceeds of proceeds, all intervening proceeds are cash proceeds, proceeds of the same type as the collateral, or an account relating to the collateral. (d) Subject to subsection (e) and except as otherwise provided in subsection (f), if a security interest in chattel paper, deposit accounts, negotiable documents, instruments, investment property, or letter-of-credit rights is perfected by a method other than filing, conflicting perfected security interests in proceeds of the collateral rank according to priority in time of filing. (e) Subsection (d) applies only if the proceeds of the collateral are not cash proceeds, chattel paper, negotiable documents, instruments, investment property, or letter-of-credit rights. (f) Subsections (a) through (e) are subject to: (1) subsection (g) and the other provisions of this part; (2) § 4-4-210 with respect to a security interest of a collecting (3) § 4-5-118 with respect to a security interest of an issuer or
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nominated person; and (4) § 4-9-110 with respect to a security interest arising under Chapter 2 or 2A. (g) A perfected agricultural lien on collateral has priority over a conflicting security interest in or agricultural lien on the same collateral if the statute creating the agricultural lien so provides. 4-9-323. (a) FUTURE ADVANCES.
Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), for purposes of
determining the priority of a perfected security interest under § 4-9322(a)(1), perfection of the security interest dates from the time an advance is made to the extent that the security interest secures an advance that: (1) is made while the security interest is perfected only: (A) under § 4-9-309 when it attaches; or (B) temporarily under § 4-9-312(e), (f), or (g); and (2) is not made pursuant to a commitment entered into before or while the security interest is perfected by a method other than under § 4-9309 or 4-9-312(e), (f), or (g). (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), a security interest is subordinate to the rights of a person that becomes a lien creditor to the extent that the security interest secures an advance made more than forty-five (45) days after the person becomes a lien creditor unless the advance is made: (1) without knowledge of the lien; or (2) pursuant to a commitment entered into without knowledge of the lien. (c) Subsections (a) and (b) do not apply to a security interest held by a secured party that is a buyer of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes or a consignor. (d) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a buyer of goods other than a buyer in ordinary course of business takes free of a security interest to the extent that it secures advances made after the earlier of: (1) the time the secured party acquires knowledge of the buyer's purchase; or (2) forty-five (45) days after the purchase. (e) Subsection (d) does not apply if the advance is made pursuant to a commitment entered into without knowledge of the buyer's purchase and before
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the expiration of the 45-day period. (f) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (g), a lessee of goods, other than a lessee in ordinary course of business, takes the leasehold interest free of a security interest to the extent that it secures advances made after the earlier of: (1) the time the secured party acquires knowledge of the lease; or (2) forty-five (45) days after the lease contract becomes enforceable. (g) Subsection (f) does not apply if the advance is made pursuant to a commitment entered into without knowledge of the lease and before the expiration of the 45-day period. 4-9-324. (a) PRIORITY OF PURCHASE-MONEY SECURITY INTERESTS.
Except as otherwise provided in subsection (g), a perfected
purchase-money security interest in goods other than inventory or livestock has priority over a conflicting security interest in the same goods, and, except as otherwise provided in § 4-9-327, a perfected security interest in its identifiable proceeds also has priority, if the purchase-money security interest is perfected when the debtor receives possession of the collateral or within twenty (20) days thereafter. (b) Subject to subsection (c) and except as otherwise provided in subsection (g), a perfected purchase-money security interest in inventory has priority over a conflicting security interest in the same inventory, has priority over a conflicting security interest in chattel paper or an instrument constituting proceeds of the inventory and in proceeds of the chattel paper, if so provided in § 4-9-330, and, except as otherwise provided in § 4-9-327, also has priority in identifiable cash proceeds of the inventory to the extent the identifiable cash proceeds are received on or before the delivery of the inventory to a buyer, if: (1) the purchase-money security interest is perfected when the debtor receives possession of the inventory; (2) the purchase-money secured party sends an authenticated notification to the holder of the conflicting security interest; (3) the holder of the conflicting security interest receives the notification within five years before the debtor receives possession of the inventory; and
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(4) the notification states that the person sending the notification has or expects to acquire a purchase-money security interest in inventory of the debtor and describes the inventory. (c) Subsections (b)(2) through (4) apply only if the holder of the conflicting security interest had filed a financing statement covering the same types of inventory: (1) if the purchase-money security interest is perfected by filing, before the date of the filing; or (2) if the purchase-money security interest is temporarily perfected without filing or possession under § 4-9-312(f), before the beginning of the 20-day period thereunder. (d) Subject to subsection (e) and except as otherwise provided in subsection (g), a perfected purchase-money security interest in livestock that are farm products has priority over a conflicting security interest in the same livestock, and, except as otherwise provided in § 4-9-327, a perfected security interest in their identifiable proceeds and identifiable products in their unmanufactured states also has priority, if: (1) the purchase-money security interest is perfected when the debtor receives possession of the livestock; (2) the purchase-money secured party sends an authenticated notification to the holder of the conflicting security interest; (3) the holder of the conflicting security interest receives the notification within six months before the debtor receives possession of the livestock; and (4) the notification states that the person sending the notification has or expects to acquire a purchase-money security interest in livestock of the debtor and describes the livestock. (e) Subsections (d)(2) through (4) apply only if the holder of the conflicting security interest had filed a financing statement covering the same types of livestock: (1) if the purchase-money security interest is perfected by filing, before the date of the filing; or (2) if the purchase-money security interest is temporarily perfected without filing or possession under § 4-9-312(f), before the beginning of the 20-day period thereunder. (f) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (g), a perfected
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purchase-money security interest in software has priority over a conflicting security interest in the same collateral, and, except as otherwise provided in § 4-9-327, a perfected security interest in its identifiable proceeds also has priority, to the extent that the purchase-money security interest in the goods in which the software was acquired for use has priority in the goods and proceeds of the goods under this section. (g) If more than one security interest qualifies for priority in the (1) a security interest securing an obligation incurred as all or part of the price of the collateral has priority over a security interest securing an obligation incurred for value given to enable the debtor to acquire rights in or the use of collateral; and (2) in all other cases, § 4-9-322(a) applies to the qualifying security interests. 4-9-325. (a) PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN TRANSFERRED COLLATERAL. same collateral under subsection (a), (b), (d), or (f):
Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), a security interest
created by a debtor is subordinate to a security interest in the same collateral created by another person if: (1) the debtor acquired the collateral subject to the security interest created by the other person; (2) the security interest created by the other person was perfected when the debtor acquired the collateral; and (3) there is no period thereafter when the security interest is unperfected. (b) Subsection (a) subordinates a security interest only if the (1) otherwise would have priority solely under § 4-9-322(a) or 49-324; or (2) arose solely under § 4-2-711(3) or 4-2A-508(5). 4-9-326. (a) PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS CREATED BY NEW DEBTOR. security interest:
Subject to subsection (b), a security interest created by a new
debtor which is perfected by a filed financing statement that is effective solely under § 4-9-508 in collateral in which a new debtor has or acquires rights is subordinate to a security interest in the same collateral which is
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perfected other than by a filed financing statement that is effective solely under § 4-9-508. (b) The other provisions of this part determine the priority among However, if conflicting security interests in the same collateral perfected by filed financing statements that are effective solely under § 4-9-508. the security agreements to which a new debtor became bound as debtor were not entered into by the same original debtor, the conflicting security interests rank according to priority in time of the new debtor's having become bound. 4-9-327. PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN DEPOSIT ACCOUNT. The
following rules govern priority among conflicting security interests in the same deposit account: (1) A security interest held by a secured party having control of the deposit account under § 4-9-104 has priority over a conflicting security interest held by a secured party that does not have control. (2) Except as otherwise provided in paragraphs (3) and (4), security interests perfected by control under § 4-9-314 rank according to priority in time of obtaining control. (3) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (4), a security interest held by the bank with which the deposit account is maintained has priority over a conflicting security interest held by another secured party. (4) A security interest perfected by control under § 4-9-104(a)(3) has priority over a security interest held by the bank with which the deposit account is maintained. 4-9-328. PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN INVESTMENT PROPERTY. The
following rules govern priority among conflicting security interests in the same investment property: (1) A security interest held by a secured party having control of investment property under § 4-9-106 has priority over a security interest held by a secured party that does not have control of the investment property. (2) Except as otherwise provided in paragraphs (3) and (4), conflicting security interests held by secured parties each of which has control under § 4-9-106 rank according to priority in time of: (A) if the collateral is a security, obtaining control; (B) if the collateral is a security entitlement carried in a
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securities account and: (i) if the secured party obtained control under § 4-8106(d)(1), the secured party's becoming the person for which the securities account is maintained; (ii) if the secured party obtained control under § 4-8106(d)(2), the securities intermediary's agreement to comply with the secured party's entitlement orders with respect to security entitlements carried or to be carried in the securities account; or (iii) if the secured party obtained control through another person under § 4-8-106(d)(3), the time on which priority would be based under this paragraph if the other person were the secured party; or (C) if the collateral is a commodity contract carried with a commodity intermediary, the satisfaction of the requirement for control specified in § 4-9-106(b)(2) with respect to commodity contracts carried or to be carried with the commodity intermediary. (3) A security interest held by a securities intermediary in a security entitlement or a securities account maintained with the securities intermediary has priority over a conflicting security interest held by another secured party. (4) A security interest held by a commodity intermediary in a commodity contract or a commodity account maintained with the commodity intermediary has priority over a conflicting security interest held by another secured party. (5) A security interest in a certificated security in registered form which is perfected by taking delivery under § 4-9-313(a) and not by control under § 4-9-314 has priority over a conflicting security interest perfected by a method other than control. (6) Conflicting security interests created by a broker, securities intermediary, or commodity intermediary which are perfected without control under § 4-9-106 rank equally. (7) In all other cases, priority among conflicting security interests in investment property is governed by §§ 4-9-322 and 4-9-323. 4-9-329. PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN LETTER-OF-CREDIT RIGHT. The
following rules govern priority among conflicting security interests in the same letter-of-credit right: (1) A security interest held by a secured party having control of the
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letter-of-credit right under § 4-9-107 has priority to the extent of its control over a conflicting security interest held by a secured party that does not have control. (2) Security interests perfected by control under § 4-9-314 rank according to priority in time of obtaining control. 4-9-330. (a) PRIORITY OF PURCHASER OF CHATTEL PAPER OR INSTRUMENT.
A purchaser of chattel paper has priority over a security interest
in the chattel paper which is claimed merely as proceeds of inventory subject to a security interest if: (1) in good faith and in the ordinary course of the purchaser's business, the purchaser gives new value and takes possession of the chattel paper or obtains control of the chattel paper under § 4-9-105; and (2) the chattel paper does not indicate that it has been assigned to an identified assignee other than the purchaser. (b) A purchaser of chattel paper has priority over a security interest in the chattel paper which is claimed other than merely as proceeds of inventory subject to a security interest if the purchaser gives new value and takes possession of the chattel paper or obtains control of the chattel paper under § 4-9-105 in good faith, in the ordinary course of the purchaser's business, and without knowledge that the purchase violates the rights of the secured party. (c) Except as otherwise provided in § 4-9-327, a purchaser having priority in chattel paper under subsection (a) or (b) also has priority in proceeds of the chattel paper to the extent that: (1) § 4-9-322 provides for priority in the proceeds; or (2) the proceeds consist of the specific goods covered by the chattel paper or cash proceeds of the specific goods, even if the purchaser's security interest in the proceeds is unperfected. (d) Except as otherwise provided in § 4-9-331(a), a purchaser of an instrument has priority over a security interest in the instrument perfected by a method other than possession if the purchaser gives value and takes possession of the instrument in good faith and without knowledge that the purchase violates the rights of the secured party. (e) For purposes of subsections (a) and (b), the holder of a purchasemoney security interest in inventory gives new value for chattel paper
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constituting proceeds of the inventory. (f) For purposes of subsections (b) and (d), if chattel paper or an instrument indicates that it has been assigned to an identified secured party other than the purchaser, a purchaser of the chattel paper or instrument has knowledge that the purchase violates the rights of the secured party. 4-9-331. PRIORITY OF RIGHTS OF PURCHASERS OF INSTRUMENTS, DOCUMENTS,
AND SECURITIES UNDER OTHER CHAPTERS; PRIORITY OF INTERESTS IN FINANCIAL ASSETS AND SECURITY ENTITLEMENTS UNDER CHAPTER 8. (a) This chapter does not limit the rights of a holder in due course of These holders a negotiable instrument, a holder to which a negotiable document of title has been duly negotiated, or a protected purchaser of a security. perfected, to the extent provided in Chapters 3, 7, and 8. (b) This chapter does not limit the rights of or impose liability on a person to the extent that the person is protected against the assertion of a claim under Chapter 8. (c) and (b). 4-9-332. (a) TRANSFER OF MONEY; TRANSFER OF FUNDS FROM DEPOSIT ACCOUNT. Filing under this chapter does not constitute notice of a claim or defense to the holders, or purchasers, or persons described in subsections (a) or purchasers take priority over an earlier security interest, even if
A transferee of money takes the money free of a security interest
unless the transferee acts in collusion with the debtor in violating the rights of the secured party. (b) A transferee of funds from a deposit account takes the funds free of a security interest in the deposit account unless the transferee acts in collusion with the debtor in violating the rights of the secured party. 4-9-333. (a) PRIORITY OF CERTAIN LIENS ARISING BY OPERATION OF LAW.
In this section, "possessory lien" means an interest, other than a (1) which secures payment or performance of an obligation for
security interest or an agricultural lien: services or materials furnished with respect to goods by a person in the ordinary course of the person's business; (2) which is created by statute or rule of law in favor of the
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person; and (3) whose effectiveness depends on the person's possession of the goods. (b) otherwise. 4-9-334. (a) PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN FIXTURES AND CROPS. A security A possessory lien on goods has priority over a security interest in the goods unless the lien is created by a statute that expressly provides
A security interest under this chapter may be created in goods that
are fixtures or may continue in goods that become fixtures. incorporated into an improvement on land. (b) (c)
interest does not exist under this chapter in ordinary building materials This chapter does not prevent creation of an encumbrance upon In cases not governed by subsections (d) through (h), a security
fixtures under real property law. interest in fixtures is subordinate to a conflicting interest of an encumbrancer or owner of the related real property other than the debtor. (d) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (h), a perfected security interest in fixtures has priority over a conflicting interest of an encumbrancer or owner of the real property if the debtor has an interest of record in or is in possession of the real property and: (1) the security interest is a purchase-money security interest; (2) the interest of the encumbrancer or owner arises before the goods become fixtures; and (3) the security interest is perfected by a fixture filing before the goods become fixtures or within twenty (20) days thereafter. (e) A perfected security interest in fixtures has priority over a (1) the debtor has an interest of record in the real property or is in possession of the real property and the security interest: (A) is perfected by a fixture filing before the interest of the encumbrancer or owner is of record; and (B) has priority over any conflicting interest of a predecessor in title of the encumbrancer or owner; (2) before the goods become fixtures, the security interest is perfected by any method permitted by this chapter and the fixtures are readily conflicting interest of an encumbrancer or owner of the real property if:
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removable: (A) factory or office machines; (B) equipment that is not primarily used or leased for use in the operation of the real property; or (C) replacements of domestic appliances that are consumer goods; (3) the conflicting interest is a lien on the real property obtained by legal or equitable proceedings after the security interest was perfected by any method permitted by this chapter; or (4) the security interest is: (A) created in a manufactured home in a manufactured-home transaction; and (B) perfected pursuant to a statute described in § 4-9311(a)(2). (f) A security interest in fixtures, whether or not perfected, has priority over a conflicting interest of an encumbrancer or owner of the real property if: (1) the encumbrancer or owner has, in an authenticated record, consented to the security interest or disclaimed an interest in the goods as fixtures; or (2) the debtor has a right to remove the goods as against the encumbrancer or owner. (g) The priority of the security interest under paragraph (f)(2) continues for a reasonable time if the debtor's right to remove the goods as against the encumbrancer or owner terminates. (h) A mortgage is a construction mortgage to the extent that it secures an obligation incurred for the construction of an improvement on land, including the acquisition cost of the land, if a recorded record of the mortgage so indicates. Except as otherwise provided in subsections (e) and (f), a security interest in fixtures is subordinate to a construction mortgage if a record of the mortgage is recorded before the goods become fixtures and the goods become fixtures before the completion of the construction. the extent that it is given to refinance a construction mortgage. (i) A perfected security interest in crops growing on real property has priority over a conflicting interest of an encumbrancer or owner of the real A mortgage has this priority to the same extent as a construction mortgage to
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property if the debtor has an interest of record in or is in possession of the real property. 4-9-335. (a) (b) (c) accession. (d) A security interest in an accession is subordinate to a security interest in the whole which is perfected by compliance with the requirements of a certificate-of-title statute under § 4-9-311(b). (e) After default, subject to Part 6, a secured party may remove an accession from other goods if the security interest in the accession has priority over the claims of every person having an interest in the whole. (f) A secured party that removes an accession from other goods under subsection (e) shall promptly reimburse any holder of a security interest or other lien on, or owner of, the whole or of the other goods, other than the debtor, for the cost of repair of any physical injury to the whole or the other goods. The secured party need not reimburse the holder or owner for any A person entitled diminution in value of the whole or the other goods caused by the absence of the accession removed or by any necessity for replacing it. to reimbursement may refuse permission to remove until the secured party gives adequate assurance for the performance of the obligation to reimburse. 4-9-336. (a) COMMINGLED GOODS. ACCESSIONS.
A security interest may be created in an accession and continues in If a security interest is perfected when the collateral becomes an Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), the other
collateral that becomes an accession. accession, the security interest remains perfected in the collateral. provisions of this part determine the priority of a security interest in an
In this section, "commingled goods" means goods that are physically
united with other goods in such a manner that their identity is lost in a product or mass. (b) A security interest does not exist in commingled goods as such. However, a security interest may attach to a product or mass that results when goods become commingled goods. (c) If collateral becomes commingled goods, a security interest attaches to the product or mass.
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(d)
If a security interest in collateral is perfected before the
collateral becomes commingled goods, the security interest that attaches to the product or mass under subsection (c) is perfected. (e) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (f), the other provisions of this part determine the priority of a security interest that attaches to the product or mass under subsection (c). (f) If more than one security interest attaches to the product or mass (1) A security interest that is perfected under subsection (d) under subsection (c), the following rules determine priority: has priority over a security interest that is unperfected at the time the collateral becomes commingled goods. (2) If more than one security interest is perfected under subsection (d), the security interests rank equally in proportion to the value of the collateral at the time it became commingled goods. 4-9-337. OF TITLE. PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN GOODS COVERED BY CERTIFICATE
If, while a security interest in goods is perfected by any method
under the law of another jurisdiction, this State issues a certificate of title that does not show that the goods are subject to the security interest or contain a statement that they may be subject to security interests not shown on the certificate: (1) a buyer of the goods, other than a person in the business of selling goods of that kind, takes free of the security interest if the buyer gives value and receives delivery of the goods after issuance of the certificate and without knowledge of the security interest; and (2) the security interest is subordinate to a conflicting security interest in the goods that attaches, and is perfected under § 4-9-311(b), after issuance of the certificate and without the conflicting secured party's knowledge of the security interest. 4-9-338. PRIORITY OF SECURITY INTEREST OR AGRICULTURAL LIEN PERFECTED If a
BY FILED FINANCING STATEMENT PROVIDING CERTAIN INCORRECT INFORMATION. statement providing information described in § 4-9-516(b)(5) which is incorrect at the time the financing statement is filed:
security interest or agricultural lien is perfected by a filed financing
(1) the security interest or agricultural lien is subordinate to a
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conflicting perfected security interest in the collateral to the extent that the holder of the conflicting security interest gives value in reasonable reliance upon the incorrect information; and (2) a purchaser, other than a secured party, of the collateral takes free of the security interest or agricultural lien to the extent that, in reasonable reliance upon the incorrect information, the purchaser gives value and, in the case of chattel paper, documents, goods, instruments, or a security certificate, receives delivery of the collateral. 4-9-339. PRIORITY SUBJECT TO SUBORDINATION. This chapter does not
preclude subordination by agreement by a person entitled to priority. SUBPART 4. RIGHTS OF BANK EFFECTIVENESS OF RIGHT OF RECOUPMENT OR SET-OFF AGAINST
4-9-340. DEPOSIT ACCOUNT. (a)
Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), a bank with which a
deposit account is maintained may exercise any right of recoupment or set-off against a secured party that holds a security interest in the deposit account. (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), the application of this chapter to a security interest in a deposit account does not affect a right of recoupment or set-off of the secured party as to a deposit account maintained with the secured party. (c) The exercise by a bank of a set-off against a deposit account is ineffective against a secured party that holds a security interest in the deposit account which is perfected by control under § 4-9-104(a)(3), if the set-off is based on a claim against the debtor. 4-9-341. BANK'S RIGHTS AND DUTIES WITH RESPECT TO DEPOSIT ACCOUNT.
Except as otherwise provided in § 4-9-340(c), and unless the bank otherwise agrees in an authenticated record, a bank's rights and duties with respect to a deposit account maintained with the bank are not terminated, suspended, or modified by: (1) the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest in the deposit account; (2) the bank's knowledge of the security interest; or
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(3) the bank's receipt of instructions from the secured party. 4-9-342. BANK'S RIGHT TO REFUSE TO ENTER INTO OR DISCLOSE EXISTENCE OF This chapter does not require a bank to enter into an A bank that has entered into such an agreement is not
CONTROL AGREEMENT. requests or directs.
agreement of the kind described in § 4-9-104(a)(2), even if its customer so required to confirm the existence of the agreement to another person unless requested to do so by its customer.
RIGHTS OF THIRD PARTIES 4-9-401. (a) ALIENABILITY OF DEBTOR'S RIGHTS.
Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) and §§ 4-9-406, 4-9-
407, 4-9-408, and 4-9-409, whether a debtor's rights in collateral may be voluntarily or involuntarily transferred is governed by law other than this chapter. (b) An agreement between the debtor and secured party which prohibits a transfer of the debtor's rights in collateral or makes the transfer a default does not prevent the transfer from taking effect. 4-9-402. SECURED PARTY NOT OBLIGATED ON CONTRACT OF DEBTOR OR IN TORT.
The existence of a security interest, agricultural lien, or authority given to a debtor to dispose of or use collateral, without more, does not subject a secured party to liability in contract or tort for the debtor's acts or omissions. 4-9-403. (a) (b) AGREEMENT NOT TO ASSERT DEFENSES AGAINST ASSIGNEE.
In this section, "value" has the meaning provided in § 4-3-303(a). Except as otherwise provided in this section, an agreement between
an account debtor and an assignor not to assert against an assignee any claim or defense that the account debtor may have against the assignor is enforceable by an assignee that takes an assignment: (1) for value; (2) in good faith; (3) without notice of a claim of a property or possessory right to
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the property assigned; and (4) without notice of a defense or claim in recoupment of the type that may be asserted against a person entitled to enforce a negotiable instrument under § 4-3-305(a). (c) Subsection (b) does not apply to defenses of a type that may be asserted against a holder in due course of a negotiable instrument under § 4-3-305(b). (d) In a consumer transaction, if a record evidences the account debtor's obligation, law other than this chapter requires that the record include a statement to the effect that the rights of an assignee are subject to claims or defenses that the account debtor could assert against the original obligee, and the record does not include such a statement: (1) the record has the same effect as if the record included such a statement; and (2) the account debtor may assert against an assignee those claims and defenses that would have been available if the record included such a statement. (e) This section is subject to law other than this chapter which establishes a different rule for an account debtor who is an individual and who incurred the obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. (f) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), this section does not displace law other than this chapter which gives effect to an agreement by an account debtor not to assert a claim or defense against an assignee. 4-9-404. ASSIGNEE. (a) Unless an account debtor has made an enforceable agreement not to assert defenses or claims, and subject to subsections (b) through (e), the rights of an assignee are subject to: (1) all terms of the agreement between the account debtor and assignor and any defense or claim in recoupment arising from the transaction that gave rise to the contract; and (2) any other defense or claim of the account debtor against the assignor which accrues before the account debtor receives a notification of the assignment authenticated by the assignor or the assignee. RIGHTS ACQUIRED BY ASSIGNEE; CLAIMS AND DEFENSES AGAINST
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(b)
Subject to subsection (c) and except as otherwise provided in
subsection (d), the claim of an account debtor against an assignor may be asserted against an assignee under subsection (a) only to reduce the amount the account debtor owes. (c) This section is subject to law other than this chapter which establishes a different rule for an account debtor who is an individual and who incurred the obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. (d) In a consumer transaction, if a record evidences the account debtor's obligation, law other than this chapter requires that the record include a statement to the effect that the account debtor's recovery against an assignee with respect to claims and defenses against the assignor may not exceed amounts paid by the account debtor under the record, and the record does not include such a statement, the extent to which a claim of an account debtor against the assignor may be asserted against an assignee is determined as if the record included such a statement. (e) This section does not apply to an assignment of a health-careinsurance receivable. 4-9-405. (a) MODIFICATION OF ASSIGNED CONTRACT. The assignee acquires The
A modification of or substitution for an assigned contract is
effective against an assignee if made in good faith.
corresponding rights under the modified or substituted contract. contract by the assignor. through (d). (b) Subsection (a) applies to the extent that:
assignment may provide that the modification or substitution is a breach of This subsection is subject to subsections (b)
(1) the right to payment or a part thereof under an assigned contract has not been fully earned by performance; or (2) the right to payment or a part thereof has been fully earned by performance and the account debtor has not received notification of the assignment under § 4-9-406(a). (c) This section is subject to law other than this chapter which establishes a different rule for an account debtor who is an individual and who incurred the obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.
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(d)
This section does not apply to an assignment of a health-care-
insurance receivable. 4-9-406. DISCHARGE OF ACCOUNT DEBTOR; NOTIFICATION OF ASSIGNMENT;
IDENTIFICATION AND PROOF OF ASSIGNMENT; RESTRICTIONS ON ASSIGNMENT OF ACCOUNTS, CHATTEL PAPER, PAYMENT INTANGIBLES, AND PROMISSORY NOTES INEFFECTIVE. (a) Subject to subsections (b) through (i), an account debtor on an account, chattel paper, or a payment intangible may discharge its obligation by paying the assignor until, but not after, the account debtor receives a notification, authenticated by the assignor or the assignee, that the amount due or to become due has been assigned and that payment is to be made to the assignee. After receipt of the notification, the account debtor may discharge its obligation by paying the assignee and may not discharge the obligation by paying the assignor. (b) Subject to subsection (h), notification is ineffective under (1) if it does not reasonably identify the rights assigned; (2) to the extent that an agreement between an account debtor and a seller of a payment intangible limits the account debtor's duty to pay a person other than the seller and the limitation is effective under law other than this chapter; or (3) at the option of an account debtor, if the notification notifies the account debtor to make less than the full amount of any installment or other periodic payment to the assignee, even if: (A) only a portion of the account, chattel paper, or payment intangible has been assigned to that assignee; (B) a portion has been assigned to another assignee; or (C) the account debtor knows that the assignment to that assignee is limited. (c) been made. Subject to subsection (h), if requested by the account debtor, an Unless the assignee complies, the account debtor may discharge its assignee shall seasonably furnish reasonable proof that the assignment has obligation by paying the assignor, even if the account debtor has received a notification under subsection (a). (d) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e) and §§ 4-2A-303 and subsection (a):
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4-9-407, and subject to subsection (h), a term in an agreement between an account debtor and an assignor or in a promissory note is ineffective to the extent that it: (1) prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of the account debtor or person obligated on the promissory note to the assignment or transfer of, or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security interest in, the account, chattel paper, payment intangible, or promissory note; or (2) provides that the assignment or transfer or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of the security interest may give rise to a default, breach, right of recoupment, claim, defense, termination, right of termination, or remedy under the account, chattel paper, payment intangible, or promissory note. (e) (f) Subsection (d) does not apply to the sale of a payment intangible Except as otherwise provided in §§4-2A-303 and 4-9-407 and subject or promissory note. to subsections (h) and (i), a rule of law, statute, or regulation that prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of a government, governmental body or official, or account debtor to the assignment or transfer of, or creation of a security interest in, an account or chattel paper is ineffective to the extent that the rule of law, statute, or regulation: (1) prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of the government, governmental body or official, or account debtor to the assignment or transfer of, or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security interest in the account or chattel paper; or (2) provides that the assignment or transfer or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of the security interest may give rise to a default, breach, right of recoupment, claim, defense, termination, right of termination, or remedy under the account or chattel paper. (g) (h) Subject to subsection (h), an account debtor may not waive or vary This section is subject to law other than this chapter which its option under subsection (b)(3). establishes a different rule for an account debtor who is an individual and who incurred the obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. (i) This section does not apply to an assignment of a health-care-
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insurance receivable. security interest in: (1) (2)
Subsections (d) and (f) do not apply to assignment or
transfer of, or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a a right the assignment or transfer of which is prohibited or a claim or right to receive amounts (whether by suit or agreement
restricted by § 11-9-110(a). and whether as limp sums or as periodic payments) as damages (other than punitive damages) on account of personal physical injuries or physical sickness. (3) (j) a claim or right to receive benefits under a special needs trust as Except to the extent otherwise provided in subsection (i), this described in 42 USC § 1396p(d)(4). section prevails over any inconsistent provision of an existing or future statute, rule or regulation of this State unless the provision is contained in a statute of this State, refers expressly to this section and states that the provision prevails over this section. 4-9-407. (a) RESTRICTIONS ON CREATION OR ENFORCEMENT OF SECURITY INTEREST
IN LEASEHOLD INTEREST OR IN LESSOR'S RESIDUAL INTEREST. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), a term in a lease (1) prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of a party to the lease to the assignment or transfer of, or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security interest in, an interest of a party under the lease contract or in the lessor's residual interest in the goods; or (2) provides that the assignment or transfer or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of the security interest may give rise to a default, breach, right of recoupment, claim, defense, termination, right of termination, or remedy under the lease. (b) Except as otherwise provided in § 4-2A-303(7), a term described in (1) a transfer by the lessee of the lessee's right of possession or use of the goods in violation of the term; or (2) a delegation of a material performance of either party to the lease contract in violation of the term. (c) The creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security subsection (a)(2) is effective to the extent that there is: agreement is ineffective to the extent that it:
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interest in the lessor's interest under the lease contract or the lessor's residual interest in the goods is not a transfer that materially impairs the lessee's prospect of obtaining return performance or materially changes the duty of or materially increases the burden or risk imposed on the lessee within the purview of § 4-2A-303(4) unless, and then only to the extent that, enforcement actually results in a delegation of material performance of the lessor. 4-9-408. (a) RESTRICTIONS ON ASSIGNMENT OF PROMISSORY NOTES, HEALTH-CARE-
INSURANCE RECEIVABLES, AND CERTAIN GENERAL INTANGIBLES INEFFECTIVE. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), a term in a promissory note or in an agreement between an account debtor and a debtor which relates to a health-care-insurance receivable or a general intangible, including a contract, permit, license, or franchise, and which term prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of the person obligated on the promissory note or the account debtor to, the assignment or transfer of, or creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest in, the promissory note, health-care-insurance receivable, or general intangible, is ineffective to the extent that the term: (1) would impair the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest; or (2) provides that the assignment or transfer or the creation, attachment, or perfection of the security interest may give rise to a default, breach, right of recoupment, claim, defense, termination, right of termination, or remedy under the promissory note, health-care-insurance receivable, or general intangible. (b) Subsection (a) applies to a security interest in a payment intangible or promissory note only if the security interest arises out of a sale of the payment intangible or promissory note. (c) A rule of law, statute, or regulation that prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of a government, governmental body or official, person obligated on a promissory note, or account debtor to the assignment or transfer of, or creation of a security interest in, a promissory note, healthcare-insurance receivable, or general intangible, including a contract, permit, license, or franchise between an account debtor and a debtor, is ineffective to the extent that the rule of law, statute, or regulation:
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(1) would impair the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest; or (2) provides that the assignment or transfer or the creation, attachment, or perfection of the security interest may give rise to a default, breach, right of recoupment, claim, defense, termination, right of termination, or remedy under the promissory note, health-care-insurance receivable, or general intangible. (d) To the extent that a term in a promissory note or in an agreement between an account debtor and a debtor which relates to a health-careinsurance receivable or general intangible or a rule of law, statute, or regulation described in subsection (c) would be effective under law other than this chapter but is ineffective under subsection (a) or (c), the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest in the promissory note, health-care-insurance receivable, or general intangible: (1) is not enforceable against the person obligated on the promissory note or the account debtor; (2) does not impose a duty or obligation on the person obligated on the promissory note or the account debtor; (3) does not require the person obligated on the promissory note or the account debtor to recognize the security interest, pay or render performance to the secured party, or accept payment or performance from the secured party; (4) does not entitle the secured party to use or assign the debtor's rights under the promissory note, health-care-insurance receivable, or general intangible, including any related information or materials furnished to the debtor in the transaction giving rise to the promissory note, health-care-insurance receivable, or general intangible; (5) does not entitle the secured party to use, assign, possess, or have access to any trade secrets or confidential information of the person obligated on the promissory note or the account debtor; and (6) does not entitle the secured party to enforce the security interest in the promissory note, health-care-insurance receivable, or general Except to the extent otherwise provided in subsection (f), this
section prevails over any inconsistent provision of an existing or future statute, rule or regulation of this State unless the provision is contained in
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a statute of this State, refers expressly to this section and states that the provision prevails over this section. (f) interest in: (1) (2) a right the assignment or transfer of which is prohibited or a claim or right to receive amounts (whether by suit or agreement restricted by § 11-9-110(a). and whether as lump sums or as periodic payments) as damages (other than punitive damages) on account of personal physical injuries or physical sickness. (3) a claim or right to receive benefits under a special needs trust as described on 42 USC § 1396p(d)(4). 4-9-409. INEFFECTIVE. (a) A term in a letter of credit or a rule of law, statute, regulation, custom, or practice applicable to the letter of credit which prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of an applicant, issuer, or nominated person to a beneficiary's assignment of or creation of a security interest in a letter-of-credit right is ineffective to the extent that the term or rule of law, statute, regulation, custom, or practice: (1) would impair the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest in the letter-of-credit right; or (2) provides that the assignment or the creation, attachment, or perfection of the security interest may give rise to a default, breach, right of recoupment, claim, defense, termination, right of termination, or remedy under the letter-of-credit right. (b) To the extent that a term in a letter of credit is ineffective under subsection (a) but would be effective under law other than this chapter or a custom or practice applicable to the letter of credit, to the transfer of a right to draw or otherwise demand performance under the letter of credit, or to the assignment of a right to proceeds of the letter of credit, the creation, attachment, or perfection of a security interest in the letter-ofcredit right: (1) is not enforceable against the applicant, issuer, nominated RESTRICTIONS ON ASSIGNMENT OF LETTER-OF-CREDIT RIGHTS Subsections (a) and (c) do not apply to an assignment or transfer of, or the creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security
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person, or transferee beneficiary; (2) imposes no duties or obligations on the applicant, issuer, nominated person, or transferee beneficiary; and (3) does not require the applicant, issuer, nominated person, or transferee beneficiary to recognize the security interest, pay or render performance to the secured party, or accept payment or other performance from the secured party. PART 5 FILING SUBPART 1. FILING OFFICE; CONTENTS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF FINANCING STATEMENT 4-9-501. (a) FILING OFFICE.
Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), if the local law of
this State governs perfection of a security interest or agricultural lien, the office in which to file a financing statement to perfect the security interest or agricultural lien is: (1) the office designated for the filing or recording of a record of a mortgage on the related real property, if: (A) the collateral is as-extracted collateral or timber to be cut; or (B) the financing statement is filed as a fixture filing and the collateral is goods that are or are to become fixtures; or (2) the Office of the Circuit Clerk in the county in which the debtor is located in this state if the debtor is engaged in farming operations and the collateral is equipment used in farming operations, or farm products, or accounts arising from the sale of farm products; or (3) the Office of the Secretary of State, in all other cases, including a case in which the collateral is goods that are or are to become fixtures and the financing statement is not filed as a fixture filing. (b) The office in which to file a financing statement to perfect a The financing statement also security interest in collateral, including fixtures, of a transmitting utility is the office of the Secretary of State. constitutes a fixture filing as to the collateral indicated in the financing statement which is or is to become fixtures.
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4-9-502. (a)
CONTENTS OF FINANCING STATEMENT; RECORD OF MORTGAGE AS
FINANCING STATEMENT; TIME OF FILING FINANCING STATEMENT. Subject to subsection (b), a financing statement is sufficient only (1) provides the name of the debtor; (2) provides the name of the secured party or a representative of the secured party; and (3) indicates the collateral covered by the financing statement. (b) Except as otherwise provided in § 4-9-501(b), to be sufficient, a financing statement that covers as-extracted collateral or timber to be cut, or which is filed as a fixture filing and covers goods that are or are to become fixtures, must satisfy subsection (a) and also: (1) indicate that it covers this type of collateral; (2) indicate that it is to be filed for record in the real property records; (3) provide a description of the real property to which the collateral is related sufficient to give constructive notice of a mortgage under the law of this State if the description were contained in a record of the mortgage of the real property; and (4) if the debtor does not have an interest of record in the real property, provide the name of a record owner. (c) A record of a mortgage is effective, from the date of recording, as a financing statement filed as a fixture filing or as a financing statement covering as-extracted collateral or timber to be cut only if: (1) the record indicates the goods or accounts that it covers; (2) the goods are or are to become fixtures related to the real property described in the record or the collateral is related to the real property described in the record and is as-extracted collateral or timber to be cut; (3) the record satisfies the requirements for a financing statement in this section other than an indication that it is to be filed in the real property records; and (4) the record is recorded. (d) A financing statement may be filed before a security agreement is made or a security interest otherwise attaches.
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4-9-503. (a)
NAME OF DEBTOR AND SECURED PARTY.
A financing statement sufficiently provides the name of the debtor: (1) if the debtor is a registered organization, only if the
financing statement provides the name of the debtor indicated on the public record of the debtor's jurisdiction of organization which shows the debtor to have been organized; (2) if the debtor is a decedent's estate, only if the financing statement provides the name of the decedent and indicates that the debtor is an estate; (3) if the debtor is a trust or a trustee acting with respect to property held in trust, only if the financing statement: (A) provides the name specified for the trust in its organic documents or, if no name is specified, provides the name of the settlor and additional information sufficient to distinguish the debtor from other trusts having one or more of the same settlors; and (B) indicates, in the debtor's name or otherwise, that the debtor is a trust or is a trustee acting with respect to property held in trust; and (4) in other cases: (A) if the debtor has a name, only if it provides the individual or organizational name of the debtor; and (B) if the debtor does not have a name, only if it provides the names of the partners, members, associates, or other persons comprising the debtor. (b) A financing statement that provides the name of the debtor in (1) a trade name or other name of the debtor; or (2) unless required under subsection (a)(4)(B), names of partners, members, associates, or other persons comprising the debtor. (c) (d) A financing statement that provides only the debtor's trade name Failure to indicate the representative capacity of a secured party does not sufficiently provide the name of the debtor. or representative of a secured party does not affect the sufficiency of a financing statement. (e) A financing statement may provide the name of more than one debtor and the name of more than one secured party. accordance with subsection (a) is not rendered ineffective by the absence of:
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 4-9-506. (a) EFFECT OF ERRORS OR OMISSIONS. A financing statement substantially satisfying the requirements of 4-9-505. (a) FILING AND COMPLIANCE WITH OTHER STATUTES AND TREATIES FOR CONSIGNMENTS, LEASES, OTHER BAILMENTS, AND OTHER TRANSACTIONS. A consignor, lessor, or other bailor of goods, a licensor, or a buyer of a payment intangible or promissory note may file a financing statement, or may comply with a statute or treaty described in § 4-9-311(a), using the terms "consignor", "consignee", "lessor", "lessee", "bailor", "bailee", "licensor", "licensee", "owner", "registered owner", "buyer", "seller", or words of similar import, instead of the terms "secured party" and "debtor". (b) This part applies to the filing of a financing statement under subsection (a) and, as appropriate, to compliance that is equivalent to filing a financing statement under § 4-9-311(b), but the filing or compliance is not of itself a factor in determining whether the collateral secures an obligation. If it is determined for another reason that the collateral secures an obligation, a security interest held by the consignor, lessor, bailor, licensor, owner, or buyer which attaches to the collateral is perfected by the filing or compliance. 4-9-504. INDICATION OF COLLATERAL. A financing statement sufficiently indicates the collateral that it covers if the financing statement provides: (1) a description of the collateral pursuant to § 4-9-108; or (2) an indication that the financing statement covers all assets or all personal property.
this part is effective, even if it has minor errors or omissions, unless the errors or omissions make the financing statement seriously misleading. (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), a financing statement that fails sufficiently to provide the name of the debtor in accordance with § 4-9-503(a) is seriously misleading. (c) If a search of the records of the filing office under the debtor's correct name, using the filing office's standard search logic, if any, would disclose a financing statement that fails sufficiently to provide the name of the debtor in accordance with § 4-9-503(a), the name provided does not make
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the financing statement seriously misleading. (d) For purposes of § 4-9-508(b), the "debtor's correct name" in subsection (c) means the correct name of the new debtor. 4-9-507. STATEMENT. (a) A filed financing statement remains effective with respect to collateral that is sold, exchanged, leased, licensed, or otherwise disposed of and in which a security interest or agricultural lien continues, even if the secured party knows of or consents to the disposition. (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c) and § 4-9-508, a financing statement is not rendered ineffective if, after the financing statement is filed, the information provided in the financing statement becomes seriously misleading under § 4-9-506. (c) If a debtor so changes its name that a filed financing statement (1) the financing statement is effective to perfect a security interest in collateral acquired by the debtor before, or within four months after, the change; and (2) the financing statement is not effective to perfect a security interest in collateral acquired by the debtor more than four months after the change, unless an amendment to the financing statement which renders the financing statement not seriously misleading is filed within four months after the change. 4-9-508. (a) EFFECTIVENESS OF FINANCING STATEMENT IF NEW DEBTOR BECOMES becomes seriously misleading under § 4-9-506: EFFECT OF CERTAIN EVENTS ON EFFECTIVENESS OF FINANCING
BOUND BY SECURITY AGREEMENT. Except as otherwise provided in this section, a filed financing statement naming an original debtor is effective to perfect a security interest in collateral in which a new debtor has or acquires rights to the extent that the financing statement would have been effective had the original debtor acquired rights in the collateral. (b) If the difference between the name of the original debtor and that of the new debtor causes a filed financing statement that is effective under subsection (a) to be seriously misleading under § 4-9-506: (1) the financing statement is effective to perfect a security
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interest in collateral acquired by the new debtor before, and within four months after, the new debtor becomes bound under § 4-9-203(d); and (2) the financing statement is not effective to perfect a security interest in collateral acquired by the new debtor more than four months after the new debtor becomes bound under § 4-9-203(d) unless an initial financing statement providing the name of the new debtor is filed before the expiration of that time. (c) 507(a). 4-9-509. (a) PERSONS ENTITLED TO FILE A RECORD. This section does not apply to collateral as to which a filed financing statement remains effective against the new debtor under § 4-9-
A person may file an initial financing statement, amendment that
adds collateral covered by a financing statement, or amendment that adds a debtor to a financing statement only if: (1) the debtor authorizes the filing in an authenticated record or pursuant to subsection (b) or (c); or (2) the person holds an agricultural lien that has become effective at the time of filing and the financing statement covers only collateral in which the person holds an agricultural lien. (b) By authenticating or becoming bound as debtor by a security agreement, a debtor or new debtor authorizes the filing of an initial financing statement, and an amendment, covering: (1) the collateral described in the security agreement; and (2) property that becomes collateral under § 4-9-315(a)(2), whether or not the security agreement expressly covers proceeds. (c) By acquiring collateral in which a security interest or agricultural lien continues under § 4-9-315(a)(1), a debtor authorizes the filing of an initial financing statement, and an amendment, covering the collateral and property that becomes collateral under § 4-9-315(a)(2). (d) A person may file an amendment other than an amendment that adds collateral covered by a financing statement or an amendment that adds a debtor to a financing statement only if: (1) the secured party of record authorizes the filing; or (2) the amendment is a termination statement for a financing statement as to which the secured party of record has failed to file or send a
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termination statement as required by § 4-9-513(a) or (c), the debtor authorizes the filing, and the termination statement indicates that the debtor authorized it to be filed. (e) If there is more than one secured party of record for a financing statement, each secured party of record may authorize the filing of an amendment under subsection (d). 4-9-510. (a) (b) (c) EFFECTIVENESS OF FILED RECORD.
A filed record is effective only to the extent that it was filed by A record authorized by one secured party of record does not affect A continuation statement that is not filed within the six-month
a person that may file it under § 4-9-509. the financing statement with respect to another secured party of record. period prescribed by § 4-9-515(d) is ineffective. 4-9-511. (a) SECURED PARTY OF RECORD.
A secured party of record with respect to a financing statement is
a person whose name is provided as the name of the secured party or a representative of the secured party in an initial financing statement that has been filed. If an initial financing statement is filed under § 4-9-514(a), the assignee named in the initial financing statement is the secured party of record with respect to the financing statement. (b) If an amendment of a financing statement which provides the name of If an a person as a secured party or a representative of a secured party is filed, the person named in the amendment is a secured party of record. a secured party of record. (c) A person remains a secured party of record until the filing of an amendment of the financing statement which deletes the person. 4-9-512. (a) AMENDMENT OF FINANCING STATEMENT. amendment is filed under § 4-9-514(b), the assignee named in the amendment is
Subject to § 4-9-509, a person may add or delete collateral covered
by, continue or terminate the effectiveness of, or, subject to subsection (e), otherwise amend the information provided in, a financing statement by filing an amendment that: (1) identifies, by its file number, the initial financing
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statement to which the amendment relates; and (2) if the amendment relates to an initial financing statement filed in a filing office described in § 4-9-501(a)(1), provides the date and time that the initial financing statement was filed and the information specified in § 4-9-502(b). (b) statement. (c) A financing statement that is amended by an amendment that adds collateral is effective as to the added collateral only from the date of the filing of the amendment. (d) A financing statement that is amended by an amendment that adds a debtor is effective as to the added debtor only from the date of the filing of the amendment. (e) An amendment is ineffective to the extent it: (1) purports to delete all debtors and fails to provide the name of a debtor to be covered by the financing statement; or (2) purports to delete all secured parties of record and fails to provide the name of a new secured party of record. 4-9-513. (a) TERMINATION STATEMENT. Except as otherwise provided in § 4-9-515, the filing of an amendment does not extend the period of effectiveness of the financing
A secured party shall cause the secured party of record for a the financing statement covers consumer goods and: (1) there is no obligation secured by the collateral covered by
financing statement to file a termination statement for the financing statement if
the financing statement and no commitment to make an advance, incur an obligation, or otherwise give value; or (2) the debtor did not authorize the filing of the initial financing statement. (b) To comply with subsection (a), a secured party shall cause the (1) within one month after there is no obligation secured by the collateral covered by the financing statement and no commitment to make an advance, incur an obligation, or otherwise give value; or (2) if earlier, within twenty (20) days after the secured party receives an authenticated demand from a debtor. secured party of record to file the termination statement:
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(c)
In cases not governed by subsection (a), within twenty (20) days
after a secured party receives an authenticated demand from a debtor, the secured party shall cause the secured party of record for a financing statement to send to the debtor a termination statement for the financing statement or file the termination statement in the filing office if: (1) except in the case of a financing statement covering accounts or chattel paper that has been sold or goods that are the subject of a consignment, there is no obligation secured by the collateral covered by the financing statement and no commitment to make an advance, incur an obligation, or otherwise give value; (2) the financing statement covers accounts or chattel paper that has been sold but as to which the account debtor or other person obligated has discharged its obligation; (3) the financing statement covers goods that were the subject of a consignment to the debtor but are not in the debtor's possession; or (4) the debtor did not authorize the filing of the initial financing statement. (d) Except as otherwise provided in § 4-9-510, upon the filing of a Except as otherwise termination statement with the filing office, the financing statement to which the termination statement relates ceases to be effective. provided in § 4-9-510, for purposes of §§ 4-9-519(g), 4-9-522(a), and 4-9523(c), the filing with the filing office of a termination statement relating to a financing statement that indicates that the debtor is a transmitting utility also causes the effectiveness of the financing statement to lapse. 4-9-514. (a) ASSIGNMENT OF POWERS OF SECURED PARTY OF RECORD.
Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), an initial
financing statement may reflect an assignment of all of the secured party's power to authorize an amendment to the financing statement by providing the name and mailing address of the assignee as the name and address of the secured party. (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), a secured party of record may assign of record all or part of its power to authorize an amendment to a financing statement by filing in the filing office an amendment of the financing statement which: (1) identifies, by its file number, the initial financing
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statement to which it relates; (2) provides the name of the assignor; and (3) provides the name and mailing address of the assignee. (c) An assignment of record of a security interest in a fixture covered by a record of a mortgage which is effective as a financing statement filed as a fixture filing under § 4-9-502(c) may be made only by an assignment of record of the mortgage in the manner provided by law of this State other than the Uniform Commercial Code. 4-9-515. (a) DURATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF FINANCING STATEMENT; EFFECT OF
LAPSED FINANCING STATEMENT. Except as otherwise provided in subsections (b), (e), (f), and (g), a filed financing statement is effective for a period of five years after the date of filing. (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (e), (f), and (g), an initial financing statement filed in connection with a public-finance transaction or manufactured-home transaction is effective for a period of thirty (30) years after the date of filing if it indicates that it is filed in connection with a public-finance transaction or manufactured-home transaction. (c) The effectiveness of a filed financing statement lapses on the Upon lapse, a expiration of the period of its effectiveness unless before the lapse a continuation statement is filed pursuant to subsection (d). financing statement ceases to be effective and any security interest or agricultural lien that was perfected by the financing statement becomes unperfected, unless the security interest is perfected otherwise. If the security interest or agricultural lien becomes unperfected upon lapse, it is deemed never to have been perfected as against a purchaser of the collateral for value. (d) A continuation statement may be filed only within six months before the expiration of the five-year period specified in subsection (a) or the 30year period specified in subsection (b), whichever is applicable. (e) Except as otherwise provided in § 4-9-510, upon timely filing of a continuation statement, the effectiveness of the initial financing statement continues for a period of five years commencing on the day on which the financing statement would have become ineffective in the absence of the filing. Upon the expiration of the five-year period, the financing statement
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lapses in the same manner as provided in subsection (c), unless, before the lapse, another continuation statement is filed pursuant to subsection (d). Succeeding continuation statements may be filed in the same manner to continue the effectiveness of the initial financing statement. (f) If a debtor is a transmitting utility and a filed financing statement so indicates, the financing statement is effective until a termination statement is filed. (g) A record of a mortgage that is effective as a financing statement filed as a fixture filing under § 4-9-502(c) remains effective as a financing statement filed as a fixture filing until the mortgage is released or satisfied of record or its effectiveness otherwise terminates as to the real property. 4-9-516. (a) WHAT CONSTITUTES FILING; EFFECTIVENESS OF FILING.
Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), communication of a
record to a filing office and tender of the filing fee or acceptance of the record by the filing office constitutes filing. (b) Filing does not occur with respect to a record that a filing office refuses to accept because: (1) the record is not communicated by a method or medium of communication authorized by the filing office; (2) an amount equal to or greater than the applicable filing fee is not tendered; (3) the filing office is unable to index the record because: (A) in the case of an initial financing statement, the record does not provide a name for the debtor; (B) in the case of an amendment or correction statement, the record: (i) does not identify the initial financing statement as required by § 4-9-512 or 4-9-518, as applicable; or (ii) identifies an initial financing statement whose effectiveness has lapsed under § 4-9-515; (C) in the case of an initial financing statement that provides the name of a debtor identified as an individual or an amendment that provides a name of a debtor identified as an individual which was not previously provided in the financing statement to which the record relates,
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the record does not identify the debtor's last name; or (D) in the case of a record filed in the filing office described in § 4-9-501(a)(1), the record does not provide a sufficient description of the real property to which it relates; (4) in the case of an initial financing statement or an amendment that adds a secured party of record, the record does not provide a name and mailing address for the secured party of record; (5) in the case of an initial financing statement or an amendment that provides a name of a debtor which was not previously provided in the financing statement to which the amendment relates, the record does not: (A) provide a mailing address for the debtor; (B) indicate whether the debtor is an individual or an organization; or (C) if the financing statement indicates that the debtor is an organization, provide: (i) a type of organization for the debtor; (ii) a jurisdiction of organization for the debtor; or (iii) an organizational identification number for the debtor or indicate that the debtor has none; (6) in the case of an assignment reflected in an initial financing statement under § 4-9-514(a) or an amendment filed under § 4-9-514(b), the record does not provide a name and mailing address for the assignee; or (7) in the case of a continuation statement, the record is not filed within the six-month period prescribed by § 4-9-515(d). (c) For purposes of subsection (b): (1) a record does not provide information if the filing office is unable to read or decipher the information; and (2) a record that does not indicate that it is an amendment or identify an initial financing statement to which it relates, as required by § 4-9-512, 4-9-514, or 4-9-518, is an initial financing statement. (d) A record that is communicated to the filing office with tender of the filing fee, but which the filing office refuses to accept for a reason other than one set forth in subsection (b), is effective as a filed record except as against a purchaser of the collateral which gives value in reasonable reliance upon the absence of the record from the files.
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4-9-517. record. 4-9-518. (a)
EFFECT OF INDEXING ERRORS.
The failure of the filing office
to index a record correctly does not affect the effectiveness of the filed
CLAIM CONCERNING INACCURATE OR WRONGFULLY FILED RECORD.
A person may file in the filing office a correction statement with
respect to a record indexed there under the person's name if the person believes that the record is inaccurate or was wrongfully filed. (b) A correction statement must: (1) identify the record to which it relates by: (A) the file number assigned to the initial financing statement to which the record relates; and (B) if the correction statement relates to a record filed in a filing office described in § 4-9-501(a)(1), the date that the initial financing statement was filed and the information specified in § 4-9-502(b); (2) indicate that it is a correction statement; and (3) provide the basis for the person's belief that the record is inaccurate and indicate the manner in which the person believes the record should be amended to cure any inaccuracy or provide the basis for the person's belief that the record was wrongfully filed. (c) The filing of a correction statement does not affect the effectiveness of an initial financing statement or other filed record. SUBPART 2. DUTIES AND OPERATION OF FILING OFFICE NUMBERING, MAINTAINING, AND INDEXING RECORDS; COMMUNICATING
4-9-519. (a)
INFORMATION PROVIDED IN RECORDS. For each record filed in a filing office, the filing office shall: (1) assign a unique number to the filed record; (2) create a record that bears the number assigned to the filed record and the date and time of filing; (3) maintain the filed record for public inspection; and (4) index the filed record in accordance with subsections (c), (d), and (e). (b) digit that: Except as provided in subsection (i), a file number must include a
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(1) is mathematically derived from or related to the other digits of the file number; and (2) aids the filing office in determining whether a number communicated as the file number includes a single-digit or transpositional Except as otherwise provided in subsections (d) and (e), the filing (1) index an initial financing statement according to the name of the debtor and index all filed records relating to the initial financing statement in a manner that associates with one another an initial financing statement and all filed records relating to the initial financing statement; and (2) index a record that provides a name of a debtor which was not previously provided in the financing statement to which the record relates also according to the name that was not previously provided. (d) If a financing statement is filed as a fixture filing or covers asextracted collateral or timber to be cut, it must be filed for record and the filing office shall index it: (1) under the names of the debtor and of each owner of record shown on the financing statement as if they were the mortgagors under a mortgage of the real property described; and (2) to the extent that the law of this State provides for indexing of records of mortgages under the name of the mortgagee, under the name of the secured party as if the secured party were the mortgagee thereunder, or, if indexing is by description, as if the financing statement were a record of a mortgage of the real property described. (e) If a financing statement is filed as a fixture filing or covers asextracted collateral or timber to be cut, the filing office shall index an assignment filed under § 4-9-514(a) or an amendment filed under § 4-9-514(b): (1) under the name of the assignor as grantor; and (2) to the extent that the law of this State provides for indexing a record of the assignment of a mortgage under the name of the assignee, under the name of the assignee. (f) The filing office shall maintain a capability: (1) to retrieve a record by the name of the debtor and: (A) if the filing office is described in § 4-9-501(a)(1), by
office shall:
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the file number assigned to the initial financing statement to which the record relates and the date and time that the record was filed; or (B) if the filing office is described in § 4-9-501(a)(2), by the file number assigned to the initial financing statement to which the record relates; and (2) to associate and retrieve with one another an initial financing statement and each filed record relating to the initial financing statement. (g) The filing office may not remove a debtor's name from the index until one year after the effectiveness of a financing statement naming the debtor lapses under § 4-9-515 with respect to all secured parties of record. (h) Except as provided in subsection (i) the filing office shall perform the acts required by subsections (a) through (e) at the time and in the manner prescribed by filing office rule, but not later than two business days after the filing office receives the record in question. (i) Subsections (b) and (h) do not apply to a filing office described in § 4-9-501(a)(1). 4-9-520. (a) ACCEPTANCE AND REFUSAL TO ACCEPT RECORD.
A filing office shall refuse to accept a record for filing for a
reason set forth in § 4-9-516(b) and may refuse to accept a record for filing only for a reason set forth in § 4-9-516(b). (b) If a filing office refuses to accept a record for filing, it shall communicate to the person that presented the record the fact of and reason for the refusal and the date and time the record would have been filed had the filing office accepted it. The communication must be made at the time and in the manner prescribed by filing office rule but, in the case of a filing office described in § 4-9-501(a)(2), in no event more than two (2) business days after the filing office receives the record. (c) A filed financing statement satisfying § 4-9-502(a) and (b) is However, § 4-9-338 applies to a filed financing effective, even if the filing office is required to refuse to accept it for filing under subsection (a). statement providing information described in § 4-9-516(b)(5) which is incorrect at the time the financing statement is filed. (d) If a record communicated to a filing office provides information that relates to more than one debtor, this part applies as to each debtor
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separately. 4-9-521. (a) UNIFORM FORM OF WRITTEN FINANCING STATEMENT AND AMENDMENT.
A filing office that accepts written records may not refuse to
accept a written initial financing statement in the following form and format except for a reason set forth in § 4-9-516(b):
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 (b) 4-9-523. (a) INFORMATION FROM FILING OFFICE; SALE OR LICENSE OF RECORDS. If a person that files a written record requests an acknowledgment 4-9-522. (a) MAINTENANCE AND DESTRUCTION OF RECORDS. The filing office shall maintain a record of the information
provided in a filed financing statement for at least one year after the effectiveness of the financing statement has lapsed under § 4-9-515 with respect to all secured parties of record. using the name of the debtor and: (1) if the record was filed in the filing office described in § 49-501(a)(1), by using the file number assigned to the initial financing statement to which the record relates and the date and time that the record was filed; or (2) if the record was filed in the filing office described in § 49-501(a)(2), by using the file number assigned to the initial financing statement to which the record relates. (b) Except to the extent that a statute governing disposition of public However, if the filing records provides otherwise, the filing office immediately may destroy any written record evidencing a financing statement. office destroys a written record, it shall maintain another record of the financing statement which complies with subsection (a). The record must be retrievable by
of the filing, the filing office shall send to the person an image of the record showing the number assigned to the record pursuant to § 4-9-519(a)(1) and the date and time of the filing of the record. instead: (1) note upon the copy the number assigned to the record pursuant to § 4-9-519(a)(1) and the date and time of the filing of the record; and (2) send the copy to the person. If a person files a record other than a written record, the filing (1) the information in the record; office shall communicate to the person an acknowledgment that provides: However, if the person furnishes a copy of the record to the filing office, the filing office may
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 (d) request; (c) and
(2) the number assigned to the record pursuant to § 4-9-519(a)(1); (3) the date and time of the filing of the record. The filing office shall communicate or otherwise make available in (1) whether there is on file on a date and time specified by the filing office, but not a date earlier than three business days before the filing office receives the request, any financing statement that: (A) designates a particular debtor or, if the request so states, designates a particular debtor at the address specified in the (B) has not lapsed under § 4-9-515 with respect to all secured parties of record; and (C) if the request so states, has lapsed under § 4-9-515 and a record of which is maintained by the filing office under § 4-9-522(a); (2) the date and time of filing of each financing statement; and (3) the information provided in each financing statement. In complying with its duty under subsection (c), the filing office However, if requested, the filing may communicate information in any medium. a record the following information to any person that requests it:
office shall communicate information by issuing a record that can be admitted into evidence in the courts of this State without extrinsic evidence of its authenticity. (e) The filing office shall perform the acts required by subsections (a) through (d) at the time and in the manner prescribed by filing office rule, but not later than two business days after the filing office receives the request. (f) At least weekly, the Secretary of State shall offer to sell or license to the public on a nonexclusive basis, in bulk, copies of all records filed in it under this part, in every medium from time to time available to the filing office. This subsection shall apply only to records filed in a filing office described in § 4-9-501(a)(2). 4-9-524. DELAY BY FILING OFFICE. Delay by the filing office beyond a
time limit prescribed by this part is excused if: (1) the delay is caused by interruption of communication or computer facilities, war, emergency conditions, failure of equipment, or other
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circumstances beyond control of the filing office; and (2) the filing office exercises reasonable diligence under the circumstances. 4-9-525. (a) FEES.
Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), the fee for filing
and indexing a record, whether by paper or electronically, under this part, other than an initial financing statement of the kind described in § 4-9502(c), is: (1) Records filed only with the Secretary of State pursuant to § 4-9-501(a)(3), from July 1, 2001 through June 30, 2013 - $16.00, for filing and indexing the initial financing statement and termination statements, if the record consists of one page. On an after July 1, 2013 - $12.00, for filing and indexing the initial financing statement and termination statements, if the record consists of one page; (2) Records filed with Circuit Clerks pursuant to § 4-9-501(a)(2) - $12.00, for filing and indexing the initial financing statement and termination statements, if the record consists of one page; (3) $0.50 per page up to a maximum of $100 if the record consists The fee for filing a continuation, whether with the of more than one page. (b)(1) (2) Secretary of State or a Circuit Clerk, is $6.00. The fee for filing a termination statement, whether with the Secretary of State or a Circuit Clerk, is $6.00 if it pertains to the filing of a financing statement before July 28, 1995. (3) (4) (5) (6) (c) (d) The fee for each separate search, whether by the Secretary of The fee for filing an assignment, whether with the Secretary The fee for filing a release, whether with the Secretary of The fee for filing an amendment, whether with the Secretary State or a Circuit Clerk, is $6.00. of State or a Circuit Clerk, is $6.00. State or a Circuit Clerk, is $6.00. of State or a Circuit Clerk, is $6.00. The number of names required to be indexed does not affect the The fee for issuing a certificate or for furnishing a copy of any amount of the fee in subsection (a).
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record on file naming a particular debtor, is: (1) $6.00 if the record consists of one page; and (2) $0.50 per page for each page up to a maximum of $100 if the records supplied consist of more than one page. (e) This section does not fix the fee with respect to a record of a mortgage which is effective as a financing statement filed as a fixture filing or as a financing statement covering as-extracted collateral or timber to be cut under § 4-9-502(c). (f) However, the recording and satisfaction fees that otherwise would be applicable to the record of the mortgage apply. The Secretary of State shall report periodically to the Treasurer of State the number of filing and indexing fees collected under subdivision (a)(1) during the period from July 1, 2001 through June 30, 2013, and the Treasurer of State shall deposit $12.00 of every such fee in a separate account for the benefit of those Circuit Clerks who qualify under this subsection. The proceeds in the account shall be distributed by the Treasurer of State at least quarterly to the County Recorder Cost Fund of the counties of qualifying Circuit Clerks in the proportion that the total of the filing and indexing fees (other than fees charged solely for filing records related to collateral which is equipment used in farming operations, or farm products, or accounts or general intangibles arising from or relating to the sale of farm products by a farmer or crops growing or to be grown) collected by each qualifying clerk in calendar year 1999 under former Chapter 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code bears to the total of those same filing and indexing fees collected by all qualified distributees. determined in a reasonable manner. Said calculations shall be The clerks qualified to share in these
distributions shall be the Circuit Clerks of the counties who file with the Treasurer of State no later than September 1, 2001 a sworn record stating the total amount of the relevant indexing and filing fees of the kind described in this subsection collected by said clerks in 1999, and the Treasurer of State shall use these sworn records in computing the pro rata share of each qualified distributee. 4-9-526. this chapter. FILING OFFICE RULES. The filing office rules must be:
(a) The Secretary of State shall adopt and publish rules to implement (1) consistent with this chapter; and
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(2) adopted and published in accordance with the Arkansas Administrative Procedure Act. To keep the filing office rules and practices of the filing office in harmony with the rules and practices of filing offices in other jurisdictions that enact substantially this part, and to keep the technology used by the filing office compatible with the technology used by filing offices in other jurisdictions that enact substantially this part, the Secretary of State, so far as is consistent with the purposes, policies, and provisions of this chapter, in adopting, amending, and repealing filing office rules, shall: (1) consult with filing offices in other jurisdictions that enact substantially this part; and (2) consult the most recent version of the Model Rules promulgated by the International Association of Corporate Administrators or any successor organization; and (3) take into consideration the rules and practices of, and the technology used by, filing offices in other jurisdictions that enact substantially this part. 4-9-527. filing office. DUTY TO REPORT. The Secretary of State shall report annually
on or before October 1 to the Governor and Legislature on the operation of the The report must contain a statement of the extent to which: (1) the filing office rules are not in harmony with the rules of filing offices in other jurisdictions that enact substantially this part and the reasons for these variations; and (2) the filing office rules are not in harmony with the most recent version of the Model Rules promulgated by the International Association of Corporate Administrators, or any successor organization, and the reasons for these variations. PART 6 DEFAULT SUBPART 1. 4-9-601. DEFAULT AND ENFORCEMENT OF SECURITY INTEREST
RIGHTS AFTER DEFAULT; JUDICIAL ENFORCEMENT; CONSIGNOR OR BUYER
OF ACCOUNTS, CHATTEL PAPER, PAYMENT INTANGIBLES, OR PROMISSORY NOTES.
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(a)
After default, a secured party has the rights provided in this part A secured party: (1) may reduce a claim to judgment, foreclose, or otherwise
and, except as otherwise provided in § 4-9-602, those provided by agreement of the parties.
enforce the claim, security interest, or agricultural lien by any available judicial procedure; and (2) if the collateral is documents, may proceed either as to the documents or as to the goods they cover. (b) A secured party in possession of collateral or control of collateral under § 4-9-104, 4-9-105, 4-9-106, or 4-9-107 has the rights and duties provided in § 4-9-207. (c) (d) The rights under subsections (a) and (b) are cumulative and may be Except as otherwise provided in subsection (g) and § 4-9-605, after exercised simultaneously. default, a debtor and an obligor have the rights provided in this part and by agreement of the parties. (e) If a secured party has reduced its claim to judgment, the lien of any levy that may be made upon the collateral by virtue of an execution based upon the judgment relates back to the earliest of: (1) the date of perfection of the security interest or agricultural lien in the collateral; (2) the date of filing a financing statement covering the collateral; or (3) any date specified in a statute under which the agricultural lien was created. (f) section. (g) A sale pursuant to an execution is a foreclosure of the security A secured party may purchase at the sale and thereafter hold the Except as otherwise provided in § 4-9-607(c), this part imposes no interest or agricultural lien by judicial procedure within the meaning of this collateral free of any other requirements of this chapter. duties upon a secured party that is a consignor or is a buyer of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes. 4-9-602. WAIVER AND VARIANCE OF RIGHTS AND DUTIES. Except as otherwise
provided in § 4-9-624, to the extent that they give rights to a debtor or obligor and impose duties on a secured party, the debtor or obligor may not
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waive or vary the rules stated in the following listed sections: (1) § 4-9-207(b)(4)(C), which deals with use and operation of the collateral by the secured party; (2) § 4-9-210, which deals with requests for an accounting and requests concerning a list of collateral and statement of account; (3) § 4-9-607(c), which deals with collection and enforcement of collateral; (4) §§ 4-9-608(a) and 4-9-615(c) to the extent that they deal with application or payment of noncash proceeds of collection, enforcement, or disposition; (5) §§ 4-9-608(a) and 4-9-615(d) to the extent that they require accounting for or payment of surplus proceeds of collateral; (6) § 4-9-609 to the extent that it imposes upon a secured party that takes possession of collateral without judicial process the duty to do so without breach of the peace; (7) §§ 4-9-610(b), 4-9-611, 4-9-613, and 4-9-614, which deal with disposition of collateral; (8) § 4-9-615(f), which deals with calculation of a deficiency or surplus when a disposition is made to the secured party, a person related to the secured party, or a secondary obligor; (9) § 4-9-616, which deals with explanation of the calculation of a surplus or deficiency; (10) §§ 4-9-620, 4-9-621, and 4-9-622, which deal with acceptance of collateral in satisfaction of obligation; (11) § 4-9-623, which deals with redemption of collateral; (12) § 4-9-624, which deals with permissible waivers; and (13) §§ 4-9-625 and 4-9-626, which deal with the secured party's liability for failure to comply with this chapter. 4-9-603. (a) AGREEMENT ON STANDARDS CONCERNING RIGHTS AND DUTIES.
The parties may determine by agreement the standards measuring the
fulfillment of the rights of a debtor or obligor and the duties of a secured party under a rule stated in § 4-9-602 if the standards are not manifestly unreasonable. (b) Subsection (a) does not apply to the duty under § 4-9-609 to refrain from breaching the peace.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 knows: (A) that the person is a debtor or obligor; (B) the identity of the person; and (C) how to communicate with the person; or (2) to a secured party or lienholder that has filed a financing 4-9-605. UNKNOWN DEBTOR OR SECONDARY OBLIGOR. A secured party does not owe a duty based on its status as secured party: (1) to a person that is a debtor or obligor, unless the secured party (c) 4-9-604. FIXTURES. (a) If a security agreement covers both personal and real property, a (1) under this part as to the personal property without prejudicing any rights with respect to the real property; or (2) as to both the personal property and the real property in accordance with the rights with respect to the real property, in which case the other provisions of this part do not apply. (b) Subject to subsection (c), if a security agreement covers goods (1) under this part; or (2) in accordance with the rights with respect to real property, in which case the other provisions of this part do not apply. Subject to the other provisions of this part, if a secured party holding a security interest in fixtures has priority over all owners and encumbrancers of the real property, the secured party, after default, may remove the collateral from the real property. (d) A secured party that removes collateral shall promptly reimburse The secured any encumbrancer or owner of the real property, other than the debtor, for the cost of repair of any physical injury caused by the removal. party need not reimburse the encumbrancer or owner for any diminution in value of the real property caused by the absence of the goods removed or by any necessity of replacing them. A person entitled to reimbursement may refuse permission to remove until the secured party gives adequate assurance for the performance of the obligation to reimburse. that are or become fixtures, a secured party may proceed: secured party may proceed: PROCEDURE IF SECURITY AGREEMENT COVERS REAL PROPERTY OR
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statement against a person, unless the secured party knows: (A) that the person is a debtor; and (B) the identity of the person. 4-9-606. TIME OF DEFAULT FOR AGRICULTURAL LIEN. For purposes of this
part, a default occurs in connection with an agricultural lien at the time the secured party becomes entitled to enforce the lien in accordance with the statute under which it was created. 4-9-607. (a) COLLECTION AND ENFORCEMENT BY SECURED PARTY.
If so agreed, and in any event after default, a secured party: (1) may notify an account debtor or other person obligated on
collateral to make payment or otherwise render performance to or for the benefit of the secured party; (2) may take any proceeds to which the secured party is entitled under § 4-9-315; (3) may enforce the obligations of an account debtor or other person obligated on collateral and exercise the rights of the debtor with respect to the obligation of the account debtor or other person obligated on collateral to make payment or otherwise render performance to the debtor, and with respect to any property that secures the obligations of the account debtor or other person obligated on the collateral; (4) if it holds a security interest in a deposit account perfected by control under § 4-9-104(a)(1), may apply the balance of the deposit account to the obligation secured by the deposit account; and (5) if it holds a security interest in a deposit account perfected by control under § 4-9-104(a)(2) or (3), may instruct the bank to pay the balance of the deposit account to or for the benefit of the secured party. (b) If necessary to enable a secured party to exercise under subsection (a)(3) the right of a debtor to enforce a mortgage nonjudicially, the secured party may record in the office in which a record of the mortgage is recorded: (1) a copy of the security agreement that creates or provides for a security interest in the obligation secured by the mortgage; and (2) the secured party's sworn affidavit in recordable form stating that: (A) a default has occurred; and
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(B) the secured party is entitled to enforce the mortgage A secured party shall proceed in a commercially reasonable manner (1) undertakes to collect from or enforce an obligation of an account debtor or other person obligated on collateral; and (2) is entitled to charge back uncollected collateral or otherwise to full or limited recourse against the debtor or a secondary obligor. A secured party may deduct from the collections made pursuant to subsection (c) reasonable expenses of collection and enforcement, including reasonable attorney's fees and legal expenses incurred by the secured party. (e) This section does not determine whether an account debtor, bank, or other person obligated on collateral owes a duty to a secured party. APPLICATION OF PROCEEDS OF COLLECTION OR ENFORCEMENT;
if the secured party:
LIABILITY FOR DEFICIENCY AND RIGHT TO SURPLUS. If a security interest or agricultural lien secures payment or (1) A secured party shall apply or pay over for application the performance of an obligation, the following rules apply: cash proceeds of collection or enforcement under § 4-9-607 in the following (A) the reasonable expenses of collection and enforcement and, to the extent provided for by agreement and not prohibited by law, reasonable attorney's fees and legal expenses incurred by the secured party; (B) the satisfaction of obligations secured by the security interest or agricultural lien under which the collection or enforcement is (C) the satisfaction of obligations secured by any subordinate security interest in or other lien on the collateral subject to the security interest or agricultural lien under which the collection or enforcement is made if the secured party receives an authenticated demand for proceeds before distribution of the proceeds is completed. (2) If requested by a secured party, a holder of a subordinate Unless the holder complies, the secured security interest or other lien shall furnish reasonable proof of the interest or lien within a reasonable time. party need not comply with the holder's demand under paragraph (1)(C).
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(3)
A secured party need not apply or pay over for application A secured party that
noncash proceeds of collection and enforcement under § 4-9-607 unless the failure to do so would be commercially unreasonable. commercially reasonable manner. (4) A secured party shall account to and pay a debtor for any surplus, and the obligor is liable for any deficiency. If the underlying transaction is a sale of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes, the debtor is not entitled to any surplus, and the obligor is not liable for any deficiency. 4-9-609. (a) SECURED PARTY'S RIGHT TO TAKE POSSESSION AFTER DEFAULT. applies or pays over for application noncash proceeds shall do so in a
After default, a secured party: (1) may take possession of the collateral; and (2) without removal, may render equipment unusable and dispose of
collateral on a debtor's premises under § 4-9-610. A secured party may proceed under subsection (a): (1) pursuant to judicial process; or (2) without judicial process, if it proceeds without breach of the If so agreed, and in any event after default, a secured party may
require the debtor to assemble the collateral and make it available to the secured party at a place to be designated by the secured party which is reasonably convenient to both parties. 4-9-610. (a) DISPOSITION OF COLLATERAL AFTER DEFAULT.
After default, a secured party may sell, lease, license, or
otherwise dispose of any or all of the collateral in its present condition or following any commercially reasonable preparation or processing. (b) Every aspect of a disposition of collateral, including the method, If manner, time, place, and other terms, must be commercially reasonable.
commercially reasonable, a secured party may dispose of collateral by public or private proceedings, by one or more contracts, as a unit or in parcels, and at any time and place and on any terms. (c) A secured party may purchase collateral: (1) at a public disposition; or
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(2) at a private disposition only if the collateral is of a kind that is customarily sold on a recognized market or the subject of widely distributed standard price quotations. (d) A contract for sale, lease, license, or other disposition includes the warranties relating to title, possession, quiet enjoyment, and the like which by operation of law accompany a voluntary disposition of property of the kind subject to the contract. (e) A secured party may disclaim or modify warranties under subsection (1) in a manner that would be effective to disclaim or modify the warranties in a voluntary disposition of property of the kind subject to the contract of disposition; or (2) by communicating to the purchaser a record evidencing the contract for disposition and including an express disclaimer or modification of the warranties. (f) A record is sufficient to disclaim warranties under subsection (e) if it indicates "There is no warranty relating to title, possession, quiet enjoyment, or the like in this disposition" or uses words of similar import. 4-9-611. (a) on which: (1) a secured party sends to the debtor and any secondary obligor an authenticated notification of disposition; or (2) the debtor and any secondary obligor waive the right to notification. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), a secured party that disposes of collateral under § 4-9-610 shall send to the persons specified in subsection (c) a reasonable authenticated notification of disposition. (c) To comply with subsection (b), the secured party shall send an (1) the debtor; (2) any secondary obligor; and (3) if the collateral is other than consumer goods: (A) any other person from which the secured party has authenticated notification of disposition to: NOTIFICATION BEFORE DISPOSITION OF COLLATERAL.
In this section, "notification date" means the earlier of the date
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received, before the notification date, an authenticated notification of a claim of an interest in the collateral; (B) any other secured party or lienholder that, 10 days before the notification date, held a security interest in or other lien on the collateral perfected by the filing of a financing statement that: (i) identified the collateral; (ii) was indexed under the debtor's name as of that date; and (iii) was filed in the office in which to file a financing statement against the debtor covering the collateral as of that date; and (C) any other secured party that, ten (10) days before the notification date, held a security interest in the collateral perfected by compliance with a statute, regulation, or treaty described in § 4-9-311(a). (d) Subsection (b) does not apply if the collateral is perishable or threatens to decline speedily in value or is of a type customarily sold on a recognized market. (e) A secured party complies with the requirement for notification (1) not later than twenty (20) days or earlier than thirty (30) days before the notification date, the secured party requests, in a commercially reasonable manner, information concerning financing statements indexed under the debtor's name in the office indicated in subsection (c)(3)(B); and (2) before the notification date, the secured party: (A) did not receive a response to the request for information; or (B) received a response to the request for information and sent an authenticated notification of disposition to each secured party or other lienholder named in that response whose financing statement covered the collateral. 4-9-612. (a) (b) TIMELINESS OF NOTIFICATION BEFORE DISPOSITION OF COLLATERAL. prescribed by subsection (c)(3)(B) if:
Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), whether a In a transaction other than a consumer transaction, a notification
notification is sent within a reasonable time is a question of fact.
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of disposition sent after default and ten (10) days or more before the earliest time of disposition set forth in the notification is sent within a reasonable time before the disposition. 4-9-613. rules apply: (1) The contents of a notification of disposition are sufficient if the (A) describes the debtor and the secured party; (B) describes the collateral that is the subject of the intended disposition; (C) states the method of intended disposition; (D) states that the debtor is entitled to an accounting of the unpaid indebtedness and states the charge, if any, for an accounting; and (E) states the time and place of a public disposition or the time after which any other disposition is to be made. (2) Whether the contents of a notification that lacks any of the information specified in paragraph (1) are nevertheless sufficient is a question of fact. (3) The contents of a notification providing substantially the information specified in paragraph (1) are sufficient, even if the notification includes: (A) information not specified by that paragraph; or (B) minor errors that are not seriously misleading. (4) (5) A particular phrasing of the notification is not required. The following form of notification and the form appearing in § 4-9notification: CONTENTS AND FORM OF NOTIFICATION BEFORE DISPOSITION OF Except in a consumer-goods transaction, the following
COLLATERAL: GENERAL.
614(3), when completed, each provides sufficient information: NOTIFICATION OF DISPOSITION OF COLLATERAL To: From: [Name of debtor, obligor, or other person to which the notification is sent] [Name, address, and telephone number of secured party] Name of Debtor(s):[Include only if debtor(s) are not an addressee] [For a public disposition:] We will sell [or lease or license, as applicable] the [describe
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collateral] [to the highest qualified bidder] in public as follows: Day and Date: Time: Place: [For a private disposition:] We will sell [or lease or license, as applicable] the [describe collateral] privately sometime after [day and date]. You are entitled to an accounting of the unpaid indebtedness secured by the property that we intend to sell [or lease or license, as applicable] [for a charge of $ [telephone number] 4-9-614. COLLATERAL: (1) CONTENTS AND FORM OF NOTIFICATION BEFORE DISPOSITION OF In a consumer-goods transaction, the ]. You may request an accounting by calling us at
CONSUMER-GOODS TRANSACTION.
following rules apply: A notification of disposition must provide the following (A) the information specified in § 4-9-613(1); (B) a description of any liability for a deficiency of the person to which the notification is sent; (C) a telephone number from which the amount that must be paid to the secured party to redeem the collateral under § 4-9-623 is available; and (D) a telephone number or mailing address from which additional information concerning the disposition and the obligation secured is available. (2) (3) A particular phrasing of the notification is not required. The following form of notification, when completed, provides information:
sufficient information: [Name and address of secured party] [Date] NOTICE OF OUR PLAN TO SELL PROPERTY [Name and address of any obligor who is also a debtor] Subject: [Identification of Transaction]
We have your [describe collateral], because you broke promises in our agreement.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 We are sending this notice to the following other people who have an interest in [describe collateral] or who owe money under your agreement: [Names of all other debtors and obligors, if any] (4) A notification in the form of paragraph (3) is sufficient, even if additional information appears at the end of the form. If you need more information about the sale call us at [telephone number] [or write us at [secured party's address]]. If you want us to explain to you in writing how we have figured the amount that you owe us, you may call us at [telephone number] [or write us at [secured party's address]] and request a written explanation. you $ [We will charge for the explanation if we sent you another written You can get the property back at any time before we sell it by paying us the full amount you owe (not just the past due payments), including our expenses. To learn the exact amount you must pay, call us at [telephone number]. The money that we get from the sale (after paying our costs) will reduce the amount you owe. If we get less money than you owe, you [will or will not, as If we get more money than you owe, applicable] still owe us the difference. [For a private disposition:] We will sell [describe collateral] at private sale sometime after [date]. A sale could include a lease or license. [For a public disposition:] We will sell [describe collateral] at public sale. a lease or license. Date: Time: Place You may attend the sale and bring bidders if you want. The sale will be held as follows: A sale could include
you will get the extra money, unless we must pay it to someone else.
explanation of the amount you owe us within the last six months.]
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(5)
A notification in the form of paragraph (3) is sufficient, even if
it includes errors in information not required by paragraph (1), unless the error is misleading with respect to rights arising under this chapter. (6) If a notification under this section is not in the form of paragraph (3), law other than this chapter determines the effect of including information not required by paragraph (1). 4-9-615. (a) APPLICATION OF PROCEEDS OF DISPOSITION; LIABILITY FOR
DEFICIENCY AND RIGHT TO SURPLUS. A secured party shall apply or pay over for application the cash (1) the reasonable expenses of retaking, holding, preparing for disposition, processing, and disposing, and, to the extent provided for by agreement and not prohibited by law, reasonable attorney's fees and legal expenses incurred by the secured party; (2) the satisfaction of obligations secured by the security interest or agricultural lien under which the disposition is made; (3) the satisfaction of obligations secured by any subordinate security interest in or other subordinate lien on the collateral if: (A) the secured party receives from the holder of the subordinate security interest or other lien an authenticated demand for proceeds before distribution of the proceeds is completed; and (B) in a case in which a consignor has an interest in the collateral, the subordinate security interest or other lien is senior to the interest of the consignor; and (4) a secured party that is a consignor of the collateral if the secured party receives from the consignor an authenticated demand for proceeds before distribution of the proceeds is completed. (b) If requested by a secured party, a holder of a subordinate security Unless the holder does so, the secured party need interest or other lien shall furnish reasonable proof of the interest or lien within a reasonable time. (c) not comply with the holder's demand under subsection (a)(3). A secured party need not apply or pay over for application noncash A secured party that applies or pays over for proceeds of disposition under § 4-9-610 unless the failure to do so would be commercially unreasonable. application noncash proceeds shall do so in a commercially reasonable manner. proceeds of disposition under § 4-9-610 in the following order to:
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(d)
If the security interest under which a disposition is made secures
payment or performance of an obligation, after making the payments and applications required by subsection (a) and permitted by subsection (c): (1) unless subsection (a)(4) requires the secured party to apply or pay over cash proceeds to a consignor, the secured party shall account to and pay a debtor for any surplus; and (2) the obligor is liable for any deficiency. (e) If the underlying transaction is a sale of accounts, chattel paper, (1) the debtor is not entitled to any surplus; and (2) the obligor is not liable for any deficiency. (f) The surplus or deficiency following a disposition is calculated based on the amount of proceeds that would have been realized in a disposition complying with this part to a transferee other than the secured party, a person related to the secured party, or a secondary obligor if: (1) the transferee in the disposition is the secured party, a person related to the secured party, or a secondary obligor; and (2) the amount of proceeds of the disposition is significantly below the range of proceeds that a complying disposition to a person other than the secured party, a person related to the secured party, or a secondary obligor would have brought. (g) A secured party that receives cash proceeds of a disposition in good faith and without knowledge that the receipt violates the rights of the holder of a security interest or other lien that is not subordinate to the security interest or agricultural lien under which the disposition is made: (1) takes the cash proceeds free of the security interest or other (2) is not obligated to apply the proceeds of the disposition to the satisfaction of obligations secured by the security interest or other lien; and (3) is not obligated to account to or pay the holder of the security interest or other lien for any surplus. 4-9-616. (a) (1) EXPLANATION OF CALCULATION OF SURPLUS OR DEFICIENCY. "Explanation" means a writing that: payment intangibles, or promissory notes:
In this section:
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(A) states the amount of the surplus or deficiency; (B) provides an explanation in accordance with subsection (c) of how the secured party calculated the surplus or deficiency; (C) states, if applicable, that future debits, credits, charges, including additional credit service charges or interest, rebates, and expenses may affect the amount of the surplus or deficiency; and (D) provides a telephone number or mailing address from which additional information concerning the transaction is available. "Request" means a record: (A) authenticated by a debtor or consumer obligor; (B) requesting that the recipient provide an explanation; (C) sent after disposition of the collateral under § 4-9In a consumer-goods transaction in which the debtor is entitled to
a surplus or a consumer obligor is liable for a deficiency under § 4-9-615, the secured party shall: (1) send an explanation to the debtor or consumer obligor, as applicable, after the disposition and: (A) before or when the secured party accounts to the debtor and pays any surplus or first makes written demand on the consumer obligor after the disposition for payment of the deficiency; and (B) within fourteen (14) days after receipt of a request;
(2) in the case of a consumer obligor who is liable for a deficiency, within fourteen (14) days after receipt of a request, send to the consumer obligor a record waiving the secured party's right to a deficiency. (c) To comply with subsection (a)(1)(B), a writing must provide the (1) the aggregate amount of obligations secured by the security interest under which the disposition was made, and, if the amount reflects a rebate of unearned interest or credit service charge, an indication of that fact, calculated as of a specified date: (A) if the secured party takes or receives possession of the collateral after default, not more than thirty-five (35) days before the secured party takes or receives possession; or following information in the following order:
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(B) if the secured party takes or receives possession of the collateral before default or does not take possession of the collateral, not more than thirty-five (35) days before the disposition; (2) the amount of proceeds of the disposition; (3) the aggregate amount of the obligations after deducting the amount of proceeds; (4) the amount, in the aggregate or by type, and types of expenses, including expenses of retaking, holding, preparing for disposition, processing, and disposing of the collateral, and attorney's fees secured by the collateral which are known to the secured party and relate to the current disposition; (5) the amount, in the aggregate or by type, and types of credits, including rebates of interest or credit service charges, to which the obligor is known to be entitled and which are not reflected in the amount in paragraph (1); and (6) the amount of the surplus or deficiency. A particular phrasing of the explanation is not required. An explanation complying substantially with the requirements of subsection (a) is sufficient, even if it includes minor errors that are not seriously misleading. (e) A debtor or consumer obligor is entitled without charge to one response to a request under this section during any six-month period in which the secured party did not send to the debtor or consumer obligor an explanation pursuant to subsection (b)(1). additional response. RIGHTS OF TRANSFEREE OF COLLATERAL. The secured party may require payment of a charge not exceeding twenty-five dollars ($25) for each
A secured party's disposition of collateral after default: (1) transfers to a transferee for value all of the debtor's rights
in the collateral; (2) discharges the security interest under which the disposition (3) discharges any subordinate security interest or other subordinate lien. A transferee that acts in good faith takes free of the rights and
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interests described in subsection (a), even if the secured party fails to comply with this chapter or the requirements of any judicial proceeding. (c) If a transferee does not take free of the rights and interests (1) the debtor's rights in the collateral; (2) the security interest or agricultural lien under which the disposition is made; and (3) any other security interest or other lien. 4-9-618. (a) RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF CERTAIN SECONDARY OBLIGORS. described in subsection (a), the transferee takes the collateral subject to:
A secondary obligor acquires the rights and becomes obligated to (1) receives an assignment of a secured obligation from the
perform the duties of the secured party after the secondary obligor: secured party; (2) receives a transfer of collateral from the secured party and agrees to accept the rights and assume the duties of the secured party; or (3) is subrogated to the rights of a secured party with respect to collateral. (b) (a): (1) is not a disposition of collateral under § 4-9-610; and (2) relieves the secured party of further duties under this chapter. 4-9-619. (a) TRANSFER OF RECORD OR LEGAL TITLE. An assignment, transfer, or subrogation described in subsection
In this section, "transfer statement" means a record authenticated (1) that the debtor has defaulted in connection with an obligation
by a secured party stating: secured by specified collateral; (2) that the secured party has exercised its post-default remedies with respect to the collateral; (3) that, by reason of the exercise, a transferee has acquired the rights of the debtor in the collateral; and (4) the name and mailing address of the secured party, debtor, and transferee. (b) A transfer statement entitles the transferee to the transfer of
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record of all rights of the debtor in the collateral specified in the statement in any official filing, recording, registration, or certificate-oftitle system covering the collateral. If a transfer statement is presented with the applicable fee and request form to the official or office responsible for maintaining the system, the official or office shall: (1) accept the transfer statement; (2) promptly amend its records to reflect the transfer; and (3) if applicable, issue a new appropriate certificate of title in the name of the transferee. (c) A transfer of the record or legal title to collateral to a secured party under subsection (b) or otherwise is not of itself a disposition of collateral under this chapter and does not of itself relieve the secured party of its duties under this chapter. 4-9-620. (a) only if: (1) the debtor consents to the acceptance under subsection (c); (2) the secured party does not receive, within the time set forth in subsection (d), a notification of objection to the proposal authenticated by: (A) a person to which the secured party was required to send a proposal under § 4-9-621; or (B) any other person, other than the debtor, holding an interest in the collateral subordinate to the security interest that is the subject of the proposal; (3) if the collateral is consumer goods, the collateral is not in the possession of the debtor when the debtor consents to the acceptance; and (4) subsection (e) does not require the secured party to dispose of the collateral or the debtor waives the requirement pursuant to § 4-9-624. (b) A purported or apparent acceptance of collateral under this section (1) the secured party consents to the acceptance in an is ineffective unless: ACCEPTANCE OF COLLATERAL IN FULL OR PARTIAL SATISFACTION OF
OBLIGATION; COMPULSORY DISPOSITION OF COLLATERAL. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (g), a secured party may accept collateral in full or partial satisfaction of the obligation it secures
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authenticated record or sends a proposal to the debtor; and (2) the conditions of subsection (a) are met. (c) For purposes of this section: (1) a debtor consents to an acceptance of collateral in partial satisfaction of the obligation it secures only if the debtor agrees to the terms of the acceptance in a record authenticated after default; and (2) a debtor consents to an acceptance of collateral in full satisfaction of the obligation it secures only if the debtor agrees to the terms of the acceptance in a record authenticated after default or the secured party: (A) sends to the debtor after default a proposal that is unconditional or subject only to a condition that collateral not in the possession of the secured party be preserved or maintained; (B) in the proposal, proposes to accept collateral in full satisfaction of the obligation it secures; and (C) does not receive a notification of objection authenticated by the debtor within twenty (20) days after the proposal is sent. (d) To be effective under subsection (a)(2), a notification of (1) in the case of a person to which the proposal was sent pursuant to § 4-9-621, within twenty (20) days after notification was sent to that person; and (2) in other cases: (A) within twenty (20) days after the last notification was sent pursuant to § 4-9-621; or (B) if a notification was not sent, before the debtor consents to the acceptance under subsection (c). (e) A secured party that has taken possession of collateral shall dispose of the collateral pursuant to § 4-9-610 within the time specified in subsection (f) if: (1) sixty percent (60%) of the cash price has been paid in the case of a purchase-money security interest in consumer goods; or (2) sixty percent (60%) of the principal amount of the obligation secured has been paid in the case of a non-purchase-money security interest in consumer goods. objection must be received by the secured party:
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(f)
To comply with subsection (e), the secured party shall dispose of (1) within ninety (90) days after taking possession; or (2) within any longer period to which the debtor and all secondary
the collateral:
obligors have agreed in an agreement to that effect entered into and authenticated after default. (g) In a consumer transaction, a secured party may not accept collateral in partial satisfaction of the obligation it secures. 4-9-621. (a) NOTIFICATION OF PROPOSAL TO ACCEPT COLLATERAL.
A secured party that desires to accept collateral in full or (1) any person from which the secured party has received, before
partial satisfaction of the obligation it secures shall send its proposal to: the debtor consented to the acceptance, an authenticated notification of a claim of an interest in the collateral; (2) any other secured party or lienholder that, ten (10) days before the debtor consented to the acceptance, held a security interest in or other lien on the collateral perfected by the filing of a financing statement that: (A) identified the collateral; (B) was indexed under the debtor's name as of that date; and (C) was filed in the office or offices in which to file a financing statement against the debtor covering the collateral as of that date; and (3) any other secured party that, ten (10) days before the debtor consented to the acceptance, held a security interest in the collateral perfected by compliance with a statute, regulation, or treaty described in § 4-9-311(a). (b) A secured party that desires to accept collateral in partial satisfaction of the obligation it secures shall send its proposal to any secondary obligor in addition to the persons described in subsection (a). 4-9-622. (a) EFFECT OF ACCEPTANCE OF COLLATERAL.
A secured party's acceptance of collateral in full or partial (1) discharges the obligation to the extent consented to by the
satisfaction of the obligation it secures:
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debtor; (2) transfers to the secured party all of a debtor's rights in the collateral; (3) discharges the security interest or agricultural lien that is the subject of the debtor's consent and any subordinate security interest or other subordinate lien; and (4) terminates any other subordinate interest. (b) A subordinate interest is discharged or terminated under subsection (a), even if the secured party fails to comply with this chapter. 4-9-623. (a) (b) RIGHT TO REDEEM COLLATERAL.
A debtor, any secondary obligor, or any other secured party or To redeem collateral, a person shall tender: (1) fulfillment of all obligations secured by the collateral; and (2) the reasonable expenses and attorney's fees described in § 4-
lienholder may redeem collateral.
9-615(a)(1). (c) A redemption may occur at any time before a secured party: (1) has collected collateral under § 4-9-607; (2) has disposed of collateral or entered into a contract for its disposition under § 4-9-610; or (3) has accepted collateral in full or partial satisfaction of the obligation it secures under § 4-9-622. 4-9-624. (a) WAIVER.
A debtor or secondary obligor may waive the right to notification
of disposition of collateral under § 4-9-611 only by an agreement to that effect entered into and authenticated after default. (b) A debtor may waive the right to require disposition of collateral under § 4-9-620(e) only by an agreement to that effect entered into and authenticated after default. (c) Except in a consumer-goods transaction, a debtor or secondary obligor may waive the right to redeem collateral under § 4-9-623 only by an agreement to that effect entered into and authenticated after default. SUBPART 2. NONCOMPLIANCE WITH CHAPTER
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accordance with this chapter, a court may order or restrain collection, enforcement, or disposition of collateral on appropriate terms and conditions. (b) chapter. financing. (c) Except as otherwise provided in § 4-9-628: (1) a person that, at the time of the failure, was a debtor, was an obligor, or held a security interest in or other lien on the collateral may recover damages under subsection (b) for its loss; and (2) if the collateral is consumer goods, a person that was a debtor or a secondary obligor at the time a secured party failed to comply with this part may recover for that failure in any event an amount not less than the credit service charge plus ten percent (10%) of the principal amount of the obligation or the time-price differential plus ten percent (10%) of the cash price. (d) A debtor whose deficiency is eliminated under § 4-9-626 may recover damages for the loss of any surplus. However, a debtor or secondary obligor whose deficiency is eliminated or reduced under § 4-9-626 may not otherwise recover under subsection (b) for noncompliance with the provisions of this part relating to collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance. (e) In addition to any damages recoverable under subsection (b), the debtor, consumer obligor, or person named as a debtor in a filed record, as applicable, may recover five hundred dollars ($500) in each case from a person that: (1) fails to comply with § 4-9-208; (2) fails to comply with § 4-9-209; (3) files a record that the person is not entitled to file under § 4-9-509(a); (4) fails to cause the secured party of record to file or send a termination statement as required by § 4-9-513(a) or (c); (5) fails to comply with § 4-9-616(b)(1) and whose failure is part Subject to subsections (c), (d), and (f), a person is liable for Loss caused by a failure to comply may include loss resulting from damages in the amount of any loss caused by a failure to comply with this the debtor's inability to obtain, or increased costs of, alternative
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of a pattern, or consistent with a practice, of noncompliance; or (6) fails to comply with § 4-9-616(b)(2). (f) A debtor or consumer obligor may recover damages under subsection (b) and, in addition, five hundred dollars ($500) in each case from a person that, without reasonable cause, fails to comply with a request under § 4-9210. A recipient of a request under § 4-9-210 which never claimed an interest in the collateral or obligations that are the subject of a request under that section has a reasonable excuse for failure to comply with the request within the meaning of this subsection. (g) If a secured party fails to comply with a request regarding a list of collateral or a statement of account under § 4-9-210, the secured party may claim a security interest only as shown in the list or statement included in the request as against a person that is reasonably misled by the failure. 4-9-626. (a) ACTION IN WHICH DEFICIENCY OR SURPLUS IS IN ISSUE.
In an action arising from a transaction, other than a consumer
transaction, in which the amount of a deficiency or surplus is in issue, the following rules apply: (1) A secured party need not prove compliance with the provisions of this part relating to collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance unless the debtor or a secondary obligor places the secured party's compliance in issue. (2) If the secured party's compliance is placed in issue, the secured party has the burden of establishing that the collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance was conducted in accordance with this part. (3) Except as otherwise provided in § 4-9-628, if a secured party fails to prove that the collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance was conducted in accordance with the provisions of this part relating to collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance, the liability of a debtor or a secondary obligor for a deficiency is limited to an amount by which the sum of the secured obligation, expenses, and attorney's fees exceeds the greater of: (A) the proceeds of the collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance; or (B) the amount of proceeds that would have been realized had the noncomplying secured party proceeded in accordance with the provisions of
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this part relating to collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance. (4) For purposes of paragraph (3)(B), the amount of proceeds that would have been realized is equal to the sum of the secured obligation, expenses, and attorney's fees unless the secured party proves that the amount is less than that sum. (5) If a deficiency or surplus is calculated under § 4-9-615(f), the debtor or obligor has the burden of establishing that the amount of proceeds of the disposition is significantly below the range of prices that a complying disposition to a person other than the secured party, a person related to the secured party, or a secondary obligor would have brought. (b) The limitation of the rules in subsection (a) to transactions other The court may not infer from than consumer transactions is intended to leave to the court the determination of the proper rules in consumer transactions. continue to apply established approaches. 4-9-627. (a) DETERMINATION OF WHETHER CONDUCT WAS COMMERCIALLY REASONABLE. that limitation the nature of the proper rule in consumer transactions and may
The fact that a greater amount could have been obtained by a
collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance at a different time or in a different method from that selected by the secured party is not of itself sufficient to preclude the secured party from establishing that the collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance was made in a commercially reasonable manner. (b) A disposition of collateral is made in a commercially reasonable (1) in the usual manner on any recognized market; (2) at the price current in any recognized market at the time of the disposition; or (3) otherwise in conformity with reasonable commercial practices among dealers in the type of property that was the subject of the disposition. (c) A collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance is (1) in a judicial proceeding; (2) by a bona fide creditors' committee; (3) by a representative of creditors; or (4) by an assignee for the benefit of creditors. commercially reasonable if it has been approved: manner if the disposition is made:
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(d)
Approval under subsection (c) need not be obtained, and lack of
approval does not mean that the collection, enforcement, disposition, or acceptance is not commercially reasonable. 4-9-628. (a) person: (1) the secured party is not liable to the person, or to a secured party or lienholder that has filed a financing statement against the person, for failure to comply with this chapter; and (2) the secured party's failure to comply with this chapter does not affect the liability of the person for a deficiency. (b) A secured party is not liable because of its status as secured (1) to a person that is a debtor or obligor, unless the secured party knows: (A) that the person is a debtor or obligor; (B) the identity of the person; and (C) how to communicate with the person; or (2) to a secured party or lienholder that has filed a financing statement against a person, unless the secured party knows: (A) that the person is a debtor; and (B) the identity of the person. (c) A secured party is not liable to any person, and a person's liability for a deficiency is not affected, because of any act or omission arising out of the secured party's reasonable belief that a transaction is not a consumer-goods transaction or a consumer transaction or that goods are not consumer goods, if the secured party's belief is based on its reasonable reliance on: (1) a debtor's representation concerning the purpose for which collateral was to be used, acquired, or held; or (2) an obligor's representation concerning the purpose for which a secured obligation was incurred. (d) A secured party is not liable to any person under § 4-9-625(c)(2) NONLIABILITY AND LIMITATION ON LIABILITY OF SECURED PARTY;
LIABILITY OF SECONDARY OBLIGOR. Unless a secured party knows that a person is a debtor or obligor, knows the identity of the person, and knows how to communicate with the
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for its failure to comply with § 4-9-616. (e) A secured party is not liable under § 4-9-625(c)(2) more than once with respect to any one secured obligation. PART 7 TRANSITION 4-9-701. 4-9-702. (a) This act takes effect on July 1, 2001. SAVINGS CLAUSE.
Except as otherwise provided in this part, this Act applies to a
transaction or lien within its scope, even if the transaction or lien was entered into or created before this Act takes effect. (b) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c) and §§ 4-9-703 (1) transactions and liens that were not governed by former Chapter 9, were validly entered into or created before this Act takes effect, and would be subject to this Act if they had been entered into or created after this Act takes effect, and the rights, duties, and interests flowing from those transactions and liens remain valid after this Act takes effect; and (2) the transactions and liens may be terminated, completed, consummated, and enforced as required or permitted by this Act or by the law that otherwise would apply if this Act had not taken effect. (c) This Act does not affect an action, case, or proceeding commenced before this Act takes effect. 4-9-703. (a) SECURITY INTEREST PERFECTED BEFORE EFFECTIVE DATE. through 4-9-709:
A security interest that is enforceable immediately before this Act
takes effect and would have priority over the rights of a person that becomes a lien creditor at that time is a perfected security interest under this Act if, when this Act takes effect, the applicable requirements for enforceability and perfection under this Act are satisfied without further action. (b) Except as otherwise provided in § 4-9-705, if, immediately before this Act takes effect, a security interest is enforceable and would have priority over the rights of a person that becomes a lien creditor at that time, but the applicable requirements for enforceability or perfection under
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this Act are not satisfied when this Act takes effect, the security interest: (1) is a perfected security interest for one (1) year after this Act takes effect; (2) remains enforceable thereafter only if the security interest becomes enforceable under § 4-9-203 before the year expires; and (3) remains perfected thereafter only if the applicable requirements for perfection under this Act are satisfied before the year expires. (c) Notwithstanding any provision of this Act, any financing statement referencing a transmitting utility as the debtor, which was sufficient for perfection of a security interest under former Chapter 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code or under § 4-19-101, et seq., and which was deemed a continuous filing before the effective date of this Act, shall be sufficient for perfection of a security interest and maintain such continuously perfected status after the effective date of this Act. 4-9-704. SECURITY INTEREST UNPERFECTED BEFORE EFFECTIVE DATE. A
security interest that is enforceable immediately before this Act takes effect but which would be subordinate to the rights of a person that becomes a lien creditor at that time: (1) remains an enforceable security interest for one year after this Act takes effect; (2) remains enforceable thereafter if the security interest becomes enforceable under § 4-9-203 when this Act takes effect or within one year thereafter; and (3) becomes perfected: (A) without further action, when this Act takes effect if the applicable requirements for perfection under this Act are satisfied before or at that time; or (B) when the applicable requirements for perfection are satisfied if the requirements are satisfied after that time. 4-9-705. (a) EFFECTIVENESS OF ACTION TAKEN BEFORE EFFECTIVE DATE.
If action, other than the filing of a financing statement, is taken
before this Act takes effect and the action would have resulted in priority of a security interest over the rights of a person that becomes a lien creditor
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had the security interest become enforceable before this Act takes effect, the action is effective to perfect a security interest that attaches under this Act within one year after this Act takes effect. An attached security interest becomes unperfected one year after this Act takes effect unless the security interest becomes a perfected security interest under this Act before the expiration of that period. (b) The filing of a financing statement before this Act takes effect is effective to perfect a security interest to the extent the filing would satisfy the applicable requirements for perfection under this Act. (c) This Act does not render ineffective an effective financing statement that, before this Act takes effect, is filed and satisfies the applicable requirements for perfection under the law of the jurisdiction governing perfection as provided in former § 4-9-103. statement ceases to be effective at the earlier of: (1) the time the financing statement would have ceased to be effective under the law of the jurisdiction in which it is filed; or (2) June 30, 2006. (d) The filing of a continuation statement after this Act takes effect However, upon the timely filing of a continuation does not continue the effectiveness of the financing statement filed before this Act takes effect. statement after this Act takes effect and in accordance with the law of the jurisdiction governing perfection as provided in Part 3, the effectiveness of a financing statement filed in the same office in that jurisdiction before this Act takes effect continues for the period provided by the law of that jurisdiction. (e) Subsection (c)(2) applies to a financing statement that, before this Act takes effect, is filed against a transmitting utility and satisfies the applicable requirements for perfection under the law of the jurisdiction governing perfection as provided in former § 4-9-103 only to the extent that Part 3 provides that the law of a jurisdiction other than the jurisdiction in which the financing statement is filed governs perfection of a security interest in collateral covered by the financing statement. (f) A financing statement that includes a financing statement filed before this Act takes effect and a continuation statement filed after this Act takes effect is effective only to the extent that it satisfies the However, except as otherwise provided in subsections (d) and (e) and § 4-9-706, the financing
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requirements of Part 5 for an initial financing statement. 4-9-706. (a) WHEN INITIAL FINANCING STATEMENT SUFFICES TO CONTINUE
EFFECTIVENESS OF FINANCING STATEMENT. The filing of an initial financing statement in the office specified in § 4-9-501 continues the effectiveness of a financing statement filed before this Act takes effect if: (1) the filing of an initial financing statement in that office would be effective to perfect a security interest under this Act; (2) the pre-effective-date financing statement was filed in an office in another State or another office in this State; and (3) the initial financing statement satisfies subsection (c). (b) The filing of an initial financing statement under subsection (a) (1) if the initial financing statement is filed before this Act takes effect, for the period provided in former § 4-9--403 with respect to a financing statement; and (2) if the initial financing statement is filed after this Act takes effect, for the period provided in § 4-9-515 with respect to an initial financing statement. (c) To be effective for purposes of subsection (a), an initial (1) satisfy the requirements of Part 5 for an initial financing statement; (2) identify the pre-effective-date financing statement by indicating the office in which the financing statement was filed and providing the dates of filing and file numbers, if any, of the financing statement and of the most recent continuation statement filed with respect to the financing statement; and (3) indicate that the pre-effective-date financing statement remains effective. 4-9-707. (a) (b) AMENDMENT OF PRE-EFFECTIVE-DATE FINANCING STATEMENT. financing statement must: continues the effectiveness of the pre-effective-date financing statement:
In this section, "pre-effective-date financing statement" means a After this act takes effect, a person may add or delete collateral
financing statement filed before this act takes effect.
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covered by, continue or terminate the effectiveness of, or otherwise amend the information provided in, a pre-effective-date financing statement only in accordance with the law of the jurisdiction governing perfection as provided in Part 3. However, the effectiveness of a pre-effective-date financing statement also may be terminated in accordance with the law of the jurisdiction in which the financing statement is filed. (c) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), if the law of this State governs perfection of a security interest, the information in a preeffective-date financing statement may be amended after this act takes effect only if: (1) (2) the pre-effective-date financing statement and an amendment an amendment is filed in the office specified in § 4-9-501 are filed in the office specified in § 4-9-501; concurrently with, or after the filing in that office of, an initial financing statement that satisfies § 4-9-706(c); or (3) 9-501. (d) If the law of this State governs perfection of a security interest, the effectiveness of a pre-effective-date financing statement may be continued only under § 4-9-705(d) and (f) or § 4-9-706. (e) Whether or not the law of this State governs perfection of a security interest, the effectiveness of a pre-effective-date financing statement filed in this State may be terminated after this act takes effect by filing a termination statement in the office in which the pre-effective-date financing statement is filed, unless an initial financing statement that satisfies § 4-9-706(c) has been filed in the office specified by the law of the jurisdiction governing perfection as provided in Part 3 as the office in which to file a financing statement. 4-9-708. PERSONS ENTITLED TO FILE INITIAL FINANCING STATEMENT OR A person may file an initial financing statement or a an initial financing statement that provides the information as amended and satisfies § 4-9-706(c) is filed in the office specified in § 4-
CONTINUATION STATEMENT.
continuation statement under this part if: (1) the secured party of record authorizes the filing; and (2) the filing is necessary under this part: (A) to continue the effectiveness of a financing statement filed
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before this Act takes effect; or (B) to perfect or continue the perfection of a security interest. 4-9-709. (a) collateral. priority. (b) For purposes of § 4-9-322(a), the priority of a security interest that becomes enforceable under § 4-9-203 of this Act dates from the time this Act takes effect if the security interest is perfected under this Act by the filing of a financing statement before this Act takes effect which would not have been effective to perfect the security interest under former Chapter 9. This subsection does not apply to conflicting security interests each of which is perfected by the filing of such a financing statement. SECTION 2. (2) Arkansas Code 4-1-105(2) is amended to read as follows: PRIORITY.
This Act determines the priority of conflicting claims to However, if the relative priorities of the claims were
established before this Act takes effect, former Chapter 9 determines
Where one of the following provisions of this subtitle specifies
the applicable law, that provision governs and a contrary agreement is effective only to the extent permitted by the law (including the conflict of laws rules) so specified: Rights of creditors against sold goods, Applicability of the chapter onleases, § 4-2-402. §§ 4-2A-105 and 4-2A-106. § 4-4-102. § 4-4A-507. § 4-8-110.
Applicability of the chapter on bank deposits and collections, Governing law in the chapter on funds transfers, Letters of Credit, § 4-5-116.
Applicability of the Chapter on Investment Securities.
Law governing perfection, the effect of perfection or nonperfection, and the priority of security interests and agricultural liens, §§ 4-9-301 through 4-9307. SECTION 3. as follows: "(9) "Buyer in ordinary course of business" means a person that buys goods in good faith, without knowledge that the sale violates the rights of another person in the goods, and in ordinary course from a person, other than Arkansas Code 4-1-201(9), (32), and (37) are amended to read
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a pawnbroker, in the business of selling goods of that kind. A person buys goods in the ordinary course if the sale to the person comports with the usual or customary practices in the kind of business in which the seller is engaged or with the seller's own usual or customary practices. business of selling goods of that kind. A person that sells oil, gas, or other minerals at the wellhead or minehead is a person in the A buyer in ordinary course of business may buy for cash, by exchange of other property, or on secured or unsecured credit, and may acquire goods or documents of title under a preexisting contract for sale. Only a buyer that takes possession of the goods A person that acquires goods in a or has a right to recover the goods from the seller under Chapter 2 may be a buyer in ordinary course of business. transfer in bulk or as security for or in total or partial satisfaction of a money debt is not a buyer in ordinary course of business. (32) "Purchase" includes taking by sale, discount, negotiation, mortgage, pledge, lien, security interest, issue or re-issue, gift, or any other voluntary transaction creating an interest in property. (37) "Security interest" means an interest in personal property or The term also fixtures which secures payment or performance of an obligation.
includes any interest of a consignor and a buyer of accounts, chattel paper, a payment intangible, or a promissory note in a transaction that is subject to Chapter 9. The special property interest of a buyer of goods on identification of those goods to a contract for sale under § 4-2-401 is not a "security interest", but a buyer may also acquire a "security interest" by complying with Chapter 9. Except as otherwise provided in § 4-2-505, the right of a seller or lessor of goods under Chapter 2 or 2A to retain or acquire possession of the goods is not a "security interest", but a seller or lessor may also acquire a "security interest" by complying with Chapter 9. The retention or reservation of title by a seller of goods notwithstanding shipment or delivery to the buyer (§ 4-2-401) is limited in effect to a reservation of a "security interest". SECTION 4. (3) Arkansas Code 4-2-103(3) is amended to read as follows: "Check". "Consignee". "Consignor". § 4-3-104. § 4-7-102. § 4-7-102.
The following definitions in other Chapters apply to this Chapter:
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"Consumer goods". "Dishonor". "Draft".
§ 4-9-102. § 4-3-502. § 4 3-104.
Arkansas Code 4-2-210 is amended to read as follows: DELEGATION OF PERFORMANCE; ASSIGNMENT OF RIGHTS.
A party may perform his duty through a delegate unless otherwise
agreed or unless the other party has a substantial interest in having his original promisor perform or control the acts required by the contract. No delegation of performance relieves the party delegating of any duty to perform or any liability for breach. (2) Except as otherwise provided in § 4-9-406, unless otherwise agreed, all rights of either seller or buyer can be assigned except where the assignment would materially change the duty of the other party, or increase materially the burden or risk imposed on him by his contract, or impair materially his chance of obtaining return performance. A right to damages for breach of the whole contract or a right arising out of the assignor's due performance of his entire obligation can be assigned despite agreement otherwise. (3) The creation, attachment, perfection, or enforcement of a security interest in the seller's interest under a contract is not a transfer that materially changes the duty of or increases materially the burden or risk imposed on the buyer or impairs materially the buyer's chance of obtaining return performance within the purview of subsection (2) unless, and then only to the extent that, enforcement actually results in a delegation of material performance of the seller. Even in that event, the creation, attachment, perfection, and enforcement of the security interest remain effective, but (i) the seller is liable to the buyer for damages caused by the delegation to the extent that the damages could not reasonably be prevented by the buyer, and (ii) a court having jurisdiction may grant other appropriate relief, including cancellation of the contract for sale or an injunction against enforcement of the security interest or consummation of the enforcement. (4) Unless the circumstances indicate the contrary a prohibition of assignment of "the contract" is to be construed as barring only the delegation to the assignee of the assignor's performance. (5) An assignment of "the contract" or of "all my rights under the
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contract" or an assignment in similar general terms is an assignment of rights and unless the language or the circumstances (as in an assignment for security) indicate the contrary, it is a delegation of performance of the duties of the assignor and its acceptance by the assignee constitutes a promise by him to perform those duties. This promise is enforceable by either the assignor or the other party to the original contract. (6) The other party may treat any assignment which delegates performance as creating reasonable grounds for insecurity and may without prejudice to his rights against the assignor demand assurances from the assignee (§ 4-2-609). SECTION 6. 4-2-326. (1) Arkansas Code 4-2-326 is amended to read as follows: SALE ON APPROVAL AND SALE OR RETURN; RIGHTS OF CREDITORS.
Unless otherwise agreed, if delivered goods may be returned by the (a) a "sale on approval" if the goods are delivered primarily for
buyer even though they conform to the contract, the transaction is use, and (b) a "sale or return" if the goods are delivered primarily for resale. (2) Goods held on approval are not subject to the claims of the buyer's creditors until acceptance; goods held on sale or return are subject to such claims while in the buyer's possession. (3) Any "or return" term of a contract for sale is to be treated as a separate contract for sale within the statute of frauds section of this Chapter (§ 4-2-201) and as contradicting the sale aspect of the contract within the provisions of this Chapter on parol or extrinsic evidence (§ 4-2202). SECTION 7. 4-2-502. (1) Arkansas Code 4-2-502 is amended to read as follows: BUYER'S RIGHT TO GOODS ON SELLER'S REPUDIATION, FAILURE TO
DELIVER, OR INSOLVENCY. Subject to subsections (2) and (3) and even though the goods have not been shipped a buyer who has paid a part or all of the price of goods in which he has a special property under the provisions of the immediately preceding section may on making and keeping good a tender of any unpaid portion of their price recover them from the seller if:
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(a) in the case of goods bought for personal, family, or household purposes, the seller repudiates or fails to deliver as required by the (b) in all cases, the seller becomes insolvent within ten days after receipt of the first installment on their price. The buyer's right to recover the goods under subsection (1)(a) vests upon acquisition of a special property, even if the seller had not then repudiated or failed to deliver. (3) If the identification creating his special property has been made by the buyer he acquires the right to recover the goods only if they conform to the contract for sale. SECTION 8. 4-2-716. (1) (2) Arkansas Code 4-2-716 is amended to read as follows: BUYER'S RIGHT TO SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE OR REPLEVIN.
Specific performance may be decreed where the goods are unique or The decree for specific performance may include such terms and
in other proper circumstances. conditions as to payment of the price, damages, or other relief as the court may deem just. (3) The buyer has a right of replevin for goods identified to the contract if after reasonable effort he is unable to effect cover for such goods or the circumstances reasonably indicate that such effort will be unavailing or if the goods have been shipped under reservation and satisfaction of the security interest in them has been made or tendered. the case of goods bought for personal, family, or household purposes, the buyer's right of replevin vests upon acquisition of a special property, even if the seller had not then repudiated or failed to deliver. SECTION 9. (3) Arkansas Code 4-2A-103(3) is amended to read as follows: "Account". "Between merchants". "Buyer". "Chattel paper". "Consumer goods". "Document". § 4-9-102(a)(2). § 4-2-104(3). § 4-2-103(1)(a). § 4-9-102(a)(11). § 4-9-102(a)(23). § 4-9-102(a)(30). In
The following definitions in other Chapters apply to this Chapter:
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"Entrusting". "General intangible". "Good faith". "Instrument". "Merchant". "Mortgage". "Pursuant to commitment". "Receipt". "Sale". "Sale on approval". "Sale or return". "Seller".
§ 4-2-403(3). § 4-9-102(a)(42). § 4-2-103(1)(b). § 4-9-102(a)(47). § 4-2-104(1). § 4-9-102(a)(55). § 4-9-102(a)(68). § 4-2-103(1)(c). § 4-2-106(1). § 4-2-326. § 4-2-326. § 4-2-103(1)(d).
Arkansas Code 4-2A-303 is amended to read as follows: ALIENABILITY OF PARTY'S INTEREST UNDER LEASE CONTRACT OR OF
LESSOR'S RESIDUAL INTEREST IN GOODS; DELEGATION OF PERFORMANCE; TRANSFER OF As used in this section, "creation of a security interest" includes
the sale of a lease contract that is subject to Chapter 9, Secured Transactions, by reason of §4-9-109(a)(3). (2) Except as provided in subsection (3) and § 4-9-407, a provision in a lease agreement which (i) prohibits the voluntary or involuntary transfer, including a transfer by sale, sublease, creation or enforcement of a security interest, or attachment, levy, or other judicial process, of an interest of a party under the lease contract or of the lessor's residual interest in the goods, or (ii) makes such a transfer an event of default, gives rise to the rights and remedies provided in subsection (4), but a transfer that is prohibited or is an event of default under the lease agreement is otherwise effective. (3) A provision in a lease agreement which (i) prohibits a transfer of a right to damages for default with respect to the whole lease contract or of a right to payment arising out of the transferor's due performance of the transferor's entire obligation, or (ii) makes such a transfer an event of default, is not enforceable, and such a transfer is not a transfer that materially impairs the prospect of obtaining return performance by, materially changes the duty of, or materially increases the burden or risk imposed on,
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the other party to the lease contract within the purview of subsection (4). (4) Subject to subsection (3) and § 4-9-407: (a) if a transfer is made which is made an event of default under a lease agreement, the party to the lease contract not making the transfer, unless that party waives the default or otherwise agrees, has the rights and remedies described in § 4-2A-501(2); (b) if paragraph (a) is not applicable and if a transfer is made that (i) is prohibited under a lease agreement or (ii) materially impairs the prospect of obtaining return performance by, materially changes the duty of, or materially increases the burden or risk imposed on, the other party to the lease contract, unless the party not making the transfer agrees at any time to the transfer in the lease contract or otherwise, then, except as limited by contract, (i) the transferor is liable to the party not making the transfer for damages caused by the transfer to the extent that the damages could not reasonably be prevented by the party not making the transfer and (ii) a court having jurisdiction may grant other appropriate relief, including cancellation of the lease contract or an injunction against the transfer. (5) A transfer of "the lease" or of "all my rights under the lease", or a transfer in similar general terms, is a transfer of rights and, unless the language or the circumstances, as in a transfer for security, indicate the contrary, the transfer is a delegation of duties by the transferor to the transferee. Acceptance by the transferee constitutes a promise by the The promise is enforceable by either the transferee to perform those duties. (6)
transferor or the other party to the lease contract. Unless otherwise agreed by the lessor and the lessee, a delegation of performance does not relieve the transferor as against the other party of any duty to perform or of any liability for default. (7) In a consumer lease, to prohibit the transfer of an interest of a party under the lease contract or to make a transfer an event of default, the language must be specific, by a writing, and conspicuous. SECTION 11. 4-2A-307. (1) Arkansas Code 4-2A-307 is amended to read as follows: PRIORITY OF LIENS ARISING BY ATTACHMENT OR LEVY ON, SECURITY
INTERESTS IN, AND OTHER CLAIMS TO GOODS. Except as otherwise provided in § 4-2A-306, a creditor of a lessee takes subject to the lease contract.
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(2)
Except as otherwise provided in subsection (3) and in §§ 4-2A-306
and 2A-308, a creditor of a lessor takes subject to the lease contract unless the creditor holds a lien that attached to the goods before the lease contract became enforceable. (3) Except as otherwise provided in §§ 4-9-317, 4-9-321, and 4-9-323, a lessee takes a leasehold interest subject to a security interest held by a creditor of the lessor. SECTION 12. Arkansas Code 4-2A-309(1)(b) is amended to read as follows:
(b) a "fixture filing" is the filing, in the office where a record of a mortgage on the real estate would be filed or recorded, of a financing statement covering goods that are or are to become fixtures and conforming to the requirements of § 4-9-502(a) and (b); SECTION 13. (c) proceeds. Arkansas Code 4-4-210(c) is amended to read as follows:
Receipt by a collecting bank of a final settlement for an item is a So long as the bank does not receive final settlement for the item
realization on its security interest in the item, accompanying documents, and or give up possession of the item or accompanying documents for purposes other than collection, the security interest continues to that extent and is subject to Chapter 9, but: (1) no security agreement is necessary to make the security interest enforceable (§ 4-9-203(b)(3)(A)); (2) no filing is required to perfect the security interest; security interests in the item, accompanying documents, or proceeds. SECTION 14. Arkansas Code Title 4, Chapter 5, Subchapter 1 is amended and (3) the security interest has priority over conflicting perfected
to add the following new section as § 4-5-118 and existing §§ 4-5-118 and 4-5119 shall be renumbered as §§ 4-5-119 and 4-5-120: 4-5-118. (a) SECURITY INTEREST OF ISSUER OR NOMINATED PERSON. An issuer or nominated person has a security interest in a document
presented under a letter of credit to the extent that the issuer or nominated person honors or gives value for the presentation. (b) So long as and to the extent that an issuer or nominated person has not been reimbursed or has not otherwise recovered the value given with
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respect to a security interest in a document under subsection (a), the security interest continues and is subject to Chapter 9, but: (1) a security agreement is not necessary to make the security interest enforceable under § 4-9-203(b)(3); (2) if the document is presented in a medium other than a written or other tangible medium, the security interest is perfected; and (3) if the document is presented in a written or other tangible medium and is not a certificated security, chattel paper, a document of title, an instrument, or a letter of credit, the security interest is perfected and has priority over a conflicting security interest in the document so long as the debtor does not have possession of the document. SECTION 15. (1) Arkansas Code 4-7-503(1) is amended to read as follows:
A document of title confers no right in goods against a person who
before issuance of the document had a legal interest or a perfected security interest in them and who neither: (a) delivered or entrusted them or any document of title covering them to the bailor or his nominee with actual or apparent authority to ship, store or sell or with power to obtain delivery under this chapter (§ 4-7-403) or with power of disposition under this subtitle (§§ 4-2-403 and 4-9-320) or other statute or rule of law; any document of title. SECTION 16. (f) Arkansas Code 4-8-103(f) is amended to read as follows: nor (b) acquiesced in the procurement by the bailor or his nominee of
A commodity contract, as defined in § 4-9-102(a)(15), is not a
security or a financial asset. SECTION 17. 4-8-106. (a) (b) Arkansas Code 4-8-106 is amended to read as follows:
CONTROL.
A purchaser has "control" of a certificated security in bearer form A purchaser has "control" of a certificated security in registered (1) the certificate is indorsed to the purchaser or in blank by an
if the certificated security is delivered to the purchaser. form if the certificated security is delivered to the purchaser, and: effective indorsement; or
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(2) the certificate is registered in the name of the purchaser, upon original issue or registration of transfer by the issuer. A purchaser has "control" of an uncertificated security if: (1) the uncertificated security is delivered to the purchaser; or (2) the issuer has agreed that it will comply with instructions originated by the purchaser without further consent by the registered owner. A purchaser has "control" of a security entitlement if: (1) the purchaser becomes the entitlement holder; (2) the securities intermediary has agreed that it will comply with entitlement orders originated by the purchaser without further consent by the entitlement holder; or (3) another person has control of the security entitlement on behalf of the purchaser or, having previously acquired control of the security entitlement, acknowledges that it has control on behalf of the purchaser. (e) If an interest in a security entitlement is granted by the entitlement holder to the entitlement holder's own securities intermediary, the securities intermediary has control. (f) A purchaser who has satisfied the requirements of subsection (c) or (d) has control, even if the registered owner in the case of subsection (c) or the entitlement holder in the case of subsection (d) retains the right to make substitutions for the uncertificated security or security entitlement, to originate instructions or entitlement orders to the issuer or securities intermediary, or otherwise to deal with the uncertificated security or security entitlement. (g) An issuer or a securities intermediary may not enter into an agreement of the kind described in subsection (c)(2) or (d)(2) without the consent of the registered owner or entitlement holder, but an issuer or a securities intermediary is not required to enter into such an agreement even though the registered owner or entitlement holder so directs. An issuer or securities intermediary that has entered into such an agreement is not required to confirm the existence of the agreement to another party unless requested to do so by the registered owner or entitlement holder. SECTION 18. (e) Arkansas Code 4-8-110(e) is amended to read as follows:
The following rules determine a "securities intermediary's
jurisdiction" for purposes of this section:
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(1)
If an agreement between the securities intermediary and its
entitlement holder governing the securities account expressly provides that a particular jurisdiction is the securities intermediary's jurisdiction for purposes of the Uniform Commercial Code, that jurisdiction is the securities intermediary's jurisdiction. (2) If paragraph (1) does not apply and an agreement between the securities intermediary and its entitlement holder governing the securities account expressly provides that the agreement is governed by the law of a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the securities intermediary's jurisdiction. (3) If neither paragraph (1) nor paragraph (2) applies and an agreement between the securities intermediary and its entitlement holder governing the securities account expressly provides that the securities account is maintained at an office in a particular jurisdiction, that jurisdiction is the securities intermediary's jurisdiction. (4) If none of the preceding paragraphs apply, the securities intermediary's jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which the office identified in an account statement as the office serving the entitlement holder's account is located. (5) If none of the preceding paragraphs apply, the securities intermediary's jurisdiction is the jurisdiction in which the chief executive office of the securities intermediary is located. SECTION 19. (a) Arkansas Code 4-8-301(a) is amended to read as follows:
Delivery of a certificated security to a purchaser occurs when: (1) the purchaser acquires possession of the security certificate; (2) another person, other than a securities intermediary, either
acquires possession of the security certificate on behalf of the purchaser or, having previously acquired possession of the certificate, acknowledges that it holds for the purchaser; or (3) a securities intermediary acting on behalf of the purchaser acquires possession of the security certificate, only if the certificate is in registered form and is (i) registered in the name of the purchaser, (ii) payable to the order of the purchaser, or (iii) specially indorsed to the purchaser by an effective indorsement and has not been indorsed to the securities intermediary or in blank.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 SECTION 21. 4-8-510. HOLDER. (a) In a case not covered by the priority rules in Chapter 9 or the rules stated in subsection (c), an action based on an adverse claim to a financial asset or security entitlement, whether framed in conversion, replevin, constructive trust, equitable lien, or other theory, may not be asserted against a person who purchases a security entitlement, or an interest therein, from an entitlement holder if the purchaser gives value, does not have notice of the adverse claim, and obtains control. (b) If an adverse claim could not have been asserted against an entitlement holder under § 4-8-502, the adverse claim cannot be asserted against a person who purchases a security entitlement, or an interest therein, from the entitlement holder. (c) In a case not covered by the priority rules in Chapter 9, a purchaser for value of a security entitlement, or an interest therein, who obtains control has priority over a purchaser of a security entitlement, or an interest therein, who does not obtain control. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), purchasers who have control rank according to priority in time of: (1) the purchaser's becoming the person for whom the securities account, in which the security entitlement is carried, is maintained, if the purchaser obtained control under § 4-8-106(d)(1); (2) the securities intermediary's agreement to comply with the Arkansas Code 4-8-510 is amended to read as follows: RIGHTS OF PURCHASER OF SECURITY ENTITLEMENT FROM ENTITLEMENT SECTION 20. 4-8-302. (a) Arkansas Code 4-8-302 is amended to read as follows: RIGHTS OF PURCHASER.
Except as otherwise provided in subsections (b) and (c), a
purchaser of a certificated or uncertificated security acquires all rights in the security that the transferor had or had power to transfer. (b) (c) A purchaser of a limited interest acquires rights only to the A purchaser of a certificated security who as a previous holder had extent of the interest purchased. notice of an adverse claim does not improve its position by taking from a protected purchaser.
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purchaser's entitlement orders with respect to security entitlements carried or to be carried in the securities account in which the security entitlement is carried, if the purchaser obtained control under § 4-8-106(d)(2); or (3) if the purchaser obtained control through another person under § 4-8-106(d)(3), the time on which priority would be based under this subsection if the other person were the secured party. (d) A securities intermediary as purchaser has priority over a conflicting purchaser who has control unless otherwise agreed by the securities intermediary. SECTION 22. (1) (a) In this section:
"Local filing office" means a filing office other than the
Secretary of State, that is designated as the proper place to file a financing statement under Arkansas Code 4-9-401(1) as it existed on June 30, 2001. The term applies only with respect to a record that covers a type of collateral as to which the filing office is designated in that section as the proper place to file. (2) (3) "Former Chapter 9" means Chapter 9 of Title 4 of the Arkansas (A) "Former Chapter 9 records" means: (i) Financing statements and other records that have Code as it existed on June 30, 2001.
been filed in a local filing office before July 1, 2001, and that are, or upon processing and indexing will be, reflected in the index maintained, as of June 30, 2001, by the local filing office for financing statements and other records filed in the local filing office before July 1, 2001, and (ii) (B) The index as of June 30, 2001. The term does not include records presented to a local filing
office for filing after June 30, 2001, whether or not the records relate to financing statements filed in the local filing office before July 1, 2001. (4) for those terms. (b) A local filing office must not accept for filing a record presented after June 30, 2001, whether or not the record relates to a financing statement filed in the local filing office before July 1, 2001. (c) Until July 1, 2008, each local filing office must maintain all "Mortgage", "as-extracted collateral", "fixture filing", "goods" and "fixtures" have the meanings set forth in Arkansas Code 4-9-102
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former Chapter 9 records in accordance with former Chapter 9.
A former
Chapter 9 record that is not reflected on the index maintained at June 30, 2001, by the local filing office must be processed and indexed, and reflected on the index as of June 30, 2001, as soon as practicable but in any event no later than July 30, 2001. (d) Until at least June 30, 2008, each local filing office must respond The to requests for information with respect to former Chapter 9 records relating to a debtor and issue certificates in accordance with former Chapter 9. fees charged for responding to requests for information relating to a debtor and issuing certificates with respect to former Chapter 9 records must be the fees in effect under former Chapter 9. (e) After June 30, 2008, each local filing office may remove and destroy, in accordance with any then applicable record retention law of this State, all former Chapter 9 records, including the related index. (f) This section does not apply, with respect to financing statements and other records, to a filing office in which mortgages or records of mortgages on real property are required to be filed or recorded, if: (1) collateral, or (2) The record is or relates to a financing statement filed as a fixture filing and the collateral is goods that are or are to become fixtures. SECTION 23. EMERGENCY CLAUSE. It is hereby found and determined by the The collateral is timber to be cut or as-extracted
General Assembly that the present Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code which exists in all fifty states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico is obsolescent and is in need of significant expansion to cover new categories of collateral, to promote electronic filing, to reduce duplicate filing, and to resolve conflicting case law. and the cost of credit. The revisions contained in this Act will bring greater certainty to financing transactions, and will reduce both their cost Because current Article 9 is uniform throughout the If United States, it becomes essential that the effective date for the substantial revisions contemplated by this Act be the same in every state. enact a common effective date, severe complications will arise. state where the issue is litigated. Arkansas and all of the other states and territories do not act in concert and For example, the proper place to perfect a security interest depends on the law of the Therefore, the rules for filing must be
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uniform at all times.
Because the several states are proposing that the
revised Article 9 become effective on July 1, 2001 an emergency is hereby declared to exist and this Act being necessary for the preservation of the public peace, health, and safety shall be in full force and effect on July 1, 2001.
/s/ Napper
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Free Act 1439 of 2001 - Arkansas
| File Size: | 375.3 kB |
| Pages: | 139 |
| Date: | March 26, 2001 |
| File Format: | |
| State: | Arkansas |
| Category: | UCC Forms |
| Word Count: | 50,587 Words, 299,607 Characters |
| Page Size: | Letter (8 1/2" x 11") |
| URL |
http://www.sosweb.state.ar.us/corp_ucc/HB1147.pdf |
| Download Act 1439 of 2001 ( 375.3 kB) |
Preview Act 1439 of 2001
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