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THE GENOME WAR A
How Craig VenterTried t0 Capture the A 1
Code of Life and Save the World
JAMES SHREEVE A
Alfred A. Knopf 3% NewYork 2004 I- . 0_

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This ls a Borzoi Book Published by Alfred A. Knopf
Copyright © 2004 by James Shreeve
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright V ’
Conventions. Published in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf V
a division of Random House, Inc., NewYork, and simultaneously ’
- in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto.
Distributed by Random House, Inc., New York.
www.aaknopf.com ‘
_ Knopf Borzoi Books, and the colophon are registered trademarks A f
{ of Random House, Inc.
Grateful acknowledgment is made to Oxford University Press for permission to reprint an excerpt from _
Faust, Part 1 by Goethe, edited by David Luke (OWC, 1987). Reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press. in
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data , ’
` Shreeve, James. '
The genome war : how Craig Venter tried to capture the code of life and save the world / James Shreeve.
I ISBN 0-375-40629-8 (alk. paper) A
1. Human Genome Proiect. 2.Ventef J, craig |_11t1€_
Manufactured in the United States of America ` `
First Edition ‘ e l
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- MAY 1998; "YOU CAN DO MOUSE" I7 I
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{his “I can’t tell you that," Venter replied. "I don’t mean to sound coy. I’m . _; [ l ‘ -
ving just not authorized to talk about it yet,"
and The two men had known each other for over a decade. When they were 7
;ieth first introduced, Craig Venter was an obscure forty-year-old researcher in if gi
>r an the National Institute forNeurological Diseases and Stroke, also part of ‘ j
>able I the NIH. He had not attended college until after service in Vietnam, and _
jmo- thus had begun his career in academic science relatively late. Francis ‘ Y 3
.ying Collins was several years younger but well on his way to becoming per- {
land haps the most famous gene hunter in the world. Soon he would claim a `
_ share of the credit for the discovery of five disease—related genes, including _
foujj two of the most important ones yet found, those responsible for cystic i `
mick Hbrosis and Huntington’s disease. In 1994, his success took him to one of ` i
eases, the most prominent scientific posts in the country. At the age of forty-
from . three, he was enticed by the secretary of health and human services to ii · »
genes . 3 leave his large, heavily funded laboratory at the University of Michigan
lar all ._ _ and come to Bethesda, Maryland, to assume leadership of the Human { ’
This e is Genome Project, then in its fourth year. The job change meant a cut in Y ' V
iuers, . I pay and much less time for research, but Collins would be in charge of a
ui-nan Q $200 million annual budget earmarked for ah historic enterprise. The I
, een- decision was a no-brainer. "There is only one human genome program," -
em gf Collins said when he took the post. “It will only happen once, and this is -
g that that moment in history. The chance to stand at the helm` of that project
—: and put my own personal stamp on it is more than I could imagine." =
4 Now, four years later, Collins still saw himself as the captain of a . ‘ "
{ great ship moving steadily toward its destination. It would be easy to - e
Ollins’ ’i imagine him at the helm, eyes trained on the horizon off the bow. A gan-
le was _ gly six-foot-four, he had a long, broad face with features that competed I A
[GRI), Q for attention—nose and ears commandingly prominent, an ample bur e _
use his _ neat mustache, and sharp blue eyes magnified slightly by oversize
le,-e he j glasses. He was in the habit of combing his hair forward, which gave him ’
Cdulgd _ a kind of folksy, unpolished look. While outwardly easygoing—he often
lecrnre e rode a motorcycle to work and occasionally played electric guitar with
le Call `“~'.i [Other scientists in a middle-aged rock band—there was a deliberate res-
Liver Of i`»i ii in the line of his mouth and in the way he drove home a point _
f with his chin up high.- ‘
Deus rn e _i t The Human Genome Project was a command requiring a great deal
Yi Confidence and political will. To keep the money flowing into the
j from Congress, Collins needed to constantly reassure lawmakers g i
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